摘要
本文对风化壳淋积型稀土矿(又称“离子吸附型稀土矿”)常规铵盐开采工艺、典型无氨开采工艺进行了梳理,结合国家、行业标准要求,重点分析了硫酸铵浸取-碳酸氢铵沉淀富集、镁盐及其复合体系绿色浸取-镁/钙无氨沉淀富集、镁盐及其复合体系绿色浸取-离心萃取高效富集、氯化钙及其复合体系浸取-氧化钙沉淀富集等代表性开采工艺的环境影响,从绿色高效开采技术开发、污染防控标准体系构建两个维度提出了风化壳淋积型稀土矿开采领域的未来重点发展方向。
The conventional process for the mining of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore(also known as ’ion-adsorption rare earth ore’)using ammonium salts and the typical ammonia-free extraction processes were reviewed in this work. Combined with national and industry standards,the environmental impacts of the representative mining processes for in-situ leaching using(NH)SOwith subsequent precipitation and enrichment using NHHCO,green leaching using magnesium salt and its composite system with subsequent precipitation and enrichment using magnesium/calcium,green leaching using magnesium salt and its composite system with subsequent efficient centrifugal extraction and enrichment,and leaching using calcium chloride and its composite system with subsequent precipitation and enrichment using calcium oxide were analyzed. The future key development directions for the mining of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore are pointed out from two dimensions including the development of green and efficient mining technologies,and the construction of standard systems for pollution prevention and control.
作者
赵龙胜
黄小卫
冯宗玉
刘德鹏
郑旭东
尹伟强
Zhao Longsheng;Huang Xiaowei;Feng Zongyu;Liu Depeng;Zheng Xudong;Yin Weiqiang(National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth,Grim Group Co.,Lid.,Grirem Advanced Materials Co.,Ltd.,Bejing 100088,China;Rare Earth Functional Materials(Xiong'an)Innovation Center Co.,Ltd.,Xiong'an 071700,China)
出处
《中国稀土学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期988-997,共10页
Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(91962211)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2902200,2018YFC1801803)
福建清源创新实验室项目(00122004)资助。
关键词
中重稀土
风化壳淋积型稀土矿
绿色开采
污染源头防控
mid-heavy rare earths
weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore
green mining
pollution prevention and control-from the source
