摘要
已公开个人信息具有识别特定自然人的功能,属于侵犯公民个人信息罪的对象。刑法保护已公开个人信息的理论基础来自“信息自决”原则。虽然处理公开的个人信息不适用知情同意规则,但并不意味着信息处理者可以任意处理已公开个人信息。信息主体的默示同意以合理的范围为界,如果信息处理超出了合理范围,违背一般理性人对于已公开个人信息之利用限度的理解,就侵犯了个人信息权益。已公开个人信息处理是否合理应该从形式与实质两方面进行判断。侵犯公民个人信息罪的行为方式包括获取、出售和提供。单纯收集已公开个人信息行为并不具有非法性,没有超出信息主体合理的预期范围,也不会对信息主体的信息权益造成侵害,不应承担刑事责任。后续提供、出售行为的刑法性质要依据“合理处理的范围”来展开。
The disclosed personal information has the function of identifying specific natural persons and is the object of the crime of violating personal information of citizens.The theoretical basis for the protection of public personal information in criminal law comes from the principle of“information self-determination”.Although the informed consent rule is not applicable to the processing of public personal information,it does not mean that the information processor can arbitrarily process the disclosed personal information.The implied consent of the information subject is bounded by a reasonable scope.If the information processing exceeds this scope and violates the understanding of the general rational person on the utilization limit of the disclosed personal information,it will violate the rights and interests of personal information.Whether the processing of the disclosed personal information is reasonable should be judged from both the form and the content.The behaviors of violating personal information of citizens include illegal acquisition,illegal sale and illegal provision.The act of simply collecting personal information that has been disclosed is not illegal,does not exceed the reasonable expectation of the information subject,and will not violate the information rights and interests of the information subject,and should not bear criminal responsibility.However,the judgment of the nature of subsequent offering and selling information must be based on whether the subsequent behavior is“reasonable processing”.
出处
《吉林大学社会科学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期71-82,232,233,共14页
Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition
基金
河海大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019B08114)。
关键词
个人信息
合理处理
刑法边界
侵犯公民个人信息罪
personal information
reasonable treatment
criminal law boundary
the crime of violating personal information of citizens