摘要
【目的】探究小兴安岭地区阔叶次生林内红松与常见阔叶树种的地下资源生态位分离与重叠,以期为恢复次生林合理选择树种及东北次生林的科学经营提供一些参考依据。【方法】对次生林内红松与白桦、山杨、蒙古栎、水曲柳和紫椴等阔叶树种的地下营养空间生态位、吸收土壤水分的季节生态位和数量生态位、吸收土壤养分的季节生态位和数量生态位以及吸收养分形态生态位等方面进行了研究。【结果】红松与阔叶树种在地下营养空间生态位、吸收土壤水分的季节生态位、吸收土壤养分的季节生态位和数量生态位、吸收土壤养分形态生态位等均存在分离。具体表现为:(1)阔叶树种吸收根主要集中分布于土壤表层(0~20 cm),为“浅根性”特征;而红松则相反,其吸收根分布比率在表土较低,在下层土壤空间(30~60 cm)明显较高,相对为“深根性”趋势。(2)阔叶树种吸收土壤水分一般从5月中开始至9月下旬结束;而红松从4月初开始至10月下旬仍有蒸腾。(3)阔叶树种吸收氮养分大约在5月上旬至9月下旬,吸收期较短,夏季养分吸收高峰较陡且峰期明显;而受阔叶树种庇荫的红松在4-10月的整个生长季中一直较平缓地吸收氮养分,夏季养分吸收高峰较缓且峰期不明显。(4)阔叶树种对N养分的消耗量较大且利用效率较低,属于高耗低效型;而红松对N养分的消耗量则相对较小,利用效率较阔叶树种高10.7%~36.8%,属于低耗高效型。(5)在对N养分化学形态的偏向选择性方面,红松叶硝酸还原酶活性较低;而阔叶树种的叶硝酸还原酶活性最高,其中,白桦、山杨和蒙古栎约是红松的6.0~6.5倍,水曲柳和紫椴约是红松的2.6倍和2.7倍。(6)红松与白桦、山杨、蒙古栎、水曲柳的地下资源生态位重叠较小,分别为0.502、0.426、0.628、0.374,而紫椴与红松的地下资源生态位重叠高达0.903。【结论】从地�
[Objective] The niche separation and overlap of underground resources between Pinus koraiensis and common broadleaved tree species in broadleaved secondary forests in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains of northeastern China were explored, in order to provide some reference for the rational selection of tree species in secondary forests and the scientific management of secondary forests in northeastern China. [Method] The spatial niche of underground nutrition, seasonal niche and quantitative niche of soil moisture absorption, seasonal niche and quantitative niche of soil nutrient absorption and morphological niche of nutrients absorption of Pinus koraiensis and broadleaved tree species such as Betula platyphylla,Populus davidiana, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica and Tilia amurensis in secondary forest were studied. [Result] There were separations between Pinus koraiensis and broadleaved tree species in the niche of underground nutrition space, seasonal niche for absorbing soil water, seasonal niche and quantitative niche for absorbing soil nutrients, and niche for absorbing soil nutrient forms. The concrete manifestations were as follows:(1) The absorption roots of broadleaved tree species were mainly distributed in the soil surface layer(0-20 cm), which was characterized by “shallow roots”. On the contrary, the distribution ratio of absorbing roots of Pinus koraiensis was lower in the topsoil and higher in the lower soil space(30-60 cm), which was relatively “deep-rooted”.(2) The broadleaved tree species generally began to absorb soil moisture from the middle of May to the end of September in a year;however, Pinus koraiensis still had transpiration from early April to October in a year.(3) The broadleaved tree species absorbed nitrogen from May to September in a year, with a short absorption period, and the peak of nutrient absorption in summer was steep and obvious;however, Pinus koraiensis, which was shaded by broadleaved tree species, had been slowly absorbing nitrogen nutrients in the whole growing
作者
王麟麟
崔晓阳
Wang Linlin;Cui Xiaoyang(School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期52-60,共9页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504102)。
关键词
次生林
森林土壤
地下资源
生态位
伴生树种
secondary forest
forest soil
underground resource
niche
associated tree species
