摘要
基于流动人口动态监测2017年数据,本文根据流动经历将流动老人区分为“漂老族”和“老漂族”,对两类流动老人的社会人口学特征、流动特征及在流入地生活质量进行比较。结果发现:以55岁开始流动作为两类老人的划分标准较为合适,55岁以前开始流动的为“漂老族”,55岁及以后开始流动的“老漂族”。研究发现,不同流动经历的老人存在显著差异:相对于“老漂族”,“漂老族”相对年轻、农业户口占比更高、受教育水平较低;流动时间和在本地居住时间更长;在流入地的社会交往和制度性保障稍好;但在流入地的保障水平未见明显优势,且生活困难更多。综合而言,“漂老族”生活质量稍好于“老漂族”,但长期城市生活对其生活质量的积极作用,被相对“底层”社会人口学特征所抵消。“漂老族”和“老漂族”是特征迥异的两类流动老人群体,必须充分认识到流动老人内部的巨大差异性,特别关注“漂老族”的生活状态,同时,应重新认识目前劳动年龄流动人口未来的返乡可能。
Based on CMDS 2017,the paper classifies the elderly migrants into two groups by the timing of their migrating experience,i.e."Piaolao zu"and"Laopiao zu",and compares the two groups’differences in demographic features,migration characteristics and their life quality in the place they moved in.The age of 55 is suggested to distinguish"Piaolao zu"from"Laopiao zu"among the elderly migrants.The former refers the elderly migrants who migrated before 55 while the latter refers those who migrated after 55.The findings show significant differences in the social and demographic characteristics,migration characteristics and life quality between the two groups of elderly migrants.Compared with"Laopiao zu,"the elderly migrants of"Piaolao zu"boast of a profile of younger,lower educated,longer duration of migration,longer living time in the current city,better social interaction,better institutional social security but with no advantage in the general social security level,and high proportion of difficult living.The quality of life of the"Piaolao zu"is overall slightly better than that of the"Laopiao zu",but their relatively poor socio-demographic characteristics offset the positive effect of living longger in the urban on their life quality.The comparison of two groups of elderly migrants demonstrates the huge differences among the elderly migrants and more attentions should be paid on the living conditions of“Piaolao Zu”.Furthermore,the governments should be ready for the potential large scale return of the elderly migrants to hometown.
作者
唐丹
闵欣伟
亓心茹
孙惠
TANG dan;MIN Xin-wei;QI Xin-ru;SUN hui(Centre for Population and Development Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;China Population Newspaper Office,Beijing 100044)
出处
《南方人口》
CSSCI
2022年第6期13-23,共11页
South China Population
基金
国家社科基金一般项目:“流动老人的社会融入特征、影响因素与干预研究”(21BRK008)。
关键词
流动老人
流动类型
流动经历
生活质量
Elderly migrants
Migration types
Migrating experience
Life quality
