摘要
人工智能时代,编程教育是培养学生编程技能,发展学生计算思维的重要途径,已成为中小学建设人工智能课程的重要抓手。然而,目前中小学开展编程教育的作用效果缺少系统评估,对开展编程教学的有效策略尚不明确。基于此,研究采用元分析法对国内外发表的36项中小学编程教育的实验或准实验研究进行深度分析。结果发现:(1)中小学编程教育对学生学习效果具有中等程度的正向影响,尤其是编程能力、计算思维、学习兴趣与自我效能感;(2)相较于文本编程与混合编程,图形编程与实体编程对学习效果均具有中等程度的影响;(3)协作编程比独立编程更有利于提升学生学习效果;(4)与高中阶段相比,编程教育在小学和初中阶段产生了中等程度的影响;(5)从实验周期看,13~20周更有益于中小学生的编程学习;(6)应用量表评价方式对编程学习效果具有中等程度偏上程度的影响。研究建议中小学应合理选用编程工具,积极开展协作编程教育,通过灵活开设编程课程,发展多元评价方式,以加快推进编程教育实践。
In the era of artificial intelligence,programming education is an important way to cultivate students’ programming skills and develop their abilities such as computational thinking,which has become the focus of building artificial intelligence curricula in primary and middle schools.However,there is a lack of systematic evaluation of the effects of the role of programming education in primary and secondary schools,and the effective strategies to conduct programming education are not clear.Based on this, this study used meta-analysis to conduct an in-depth analysis of 36 experimental or quasi-experimental studies of programming education in primary and secondary schools published both at home and abroad.The results indicate that:(1) programming education in primary and secondary schools has a moderate positive impact on students’ learning outcomes,especially programming ability,computational thinking,interest in learning and self-efficacy;(2) graphics programming and physical programming both have a moderate impact on learning outcomes compared to text-based programming and hybrid programming;(3) collaborative programming is more beneficial than independent programming in enhancing students’ learning outcomes;(4) compared to high school level,programming education had a moderate impact at the elementary and middle school levels;(5) from the experimental period,13~20 weeks were more beneficial to elementary and middle school students’ programming learning;(6) the application of the scale evaluation method had a moderate to high impact on programming learning effects.Therefore,primary and secondary schools should accelerate the practice of programming education by choose programming tools reasonably,actively implement collaborative programming education,offering flexible programming courses,and developing multiple evaluation methods.
作者
韩雪婧
汪基德
王孝培
HAN Xuejing;WANG Jide;WANG Xiaopei(Education Informatization Development Research Center of Henan Province,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan,China 475004)
出处
《数字教育》
2022年第6期56-62,共7页
Digital Education
基金
2020年河南哲学社会科学规划年度一般项目“信息化促进义务教育优质均衡发展长效机制研究”(2020BJY007)。
关键词
编程教育
中小学
计算思维
元分析
Programming education
Primary and middle school
Computational thinking
Meta-analysis
