摘要
史籍和汉简中都有关于汉代甲卒的零星记载。两汉史籍中的甲卒有时是士卒的泛称,有时又指郡国的普通兵卒。1986年地湾出土的汉简中有十余枚甲卒名籍类简,这些甲卒的籍贯都是张掖郡,屯驻地也是张掖郡下的觻得、昭武等县。此类名籍书写形式有两种:一种书有左部、中营等军队编制;另一种书有昭武、氐池等隶属县邑。绝大多数甲卒简的性质是廪食名籍,结合史籍,推断这些甲卒简是新莽为了全面征讨匈奴,诏命屯驻在觻得、昭武等县的甲卒集结边境时在肩水候官处留下的廪食记录,甲卒在此次军事行动中主要负责后勤运输任务。甲卒属于边郡的屯兵系统,其编制和各级长官自低至高依次是:伍(伍长)—什(什长)—队(士吏)—官(五百)—曲(千人、候)—部(司马)。
There are sporadic records about Han jiazu甲卒in both historical records and Han bamboo manuscripts.In the historical records of the Han Dynasties,jiazu is sometimes a general term for soldiers,and sometimes refers to ordinary soldiers of the regional kingdoms郡国.In 1986,among the Han bamboo slips unearthed from Diwan,there were more than a dozen slips with name registers recording jiazu.These jiazuall came from Zhangye Commandery,and their garrisons were based at Lude,Zhaowu,and other counties under Zhangye.There are two forms of name registers:one is organized by military divisions such as Left Division,Middle Battalion,etc.;the other records the counties to which they belonged,such as Zhaowu and Dichi.The majority of the jiazu bamboo slips are name registers for food supply.Based on historical records,it can be inferred that these were the food supply records left by Jianshui Houguan肩水候官when the jiazu stationed in Lude,Zhaowu,and other counties were ordered to gather at the border in order to comprehensively conquer the Xiongnu once and for all in the Xinmang Dynasty.These jiazu were primarily responsible for logistical transport duties during this military operation.Jiazu belonged to the garrison system of the border commandery,and from low to high,the tiers and officers ranged from five(five-leader),ten(ten-leader),team(soldier-clerk),officer(500-men),regiment(1000-men,hou候)to division(commandant).
出处
《出土文献》
CSSCI
2022年第4期105-120,157,共17页
Excavated Documents
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“新出西北汉简地理史料的整理与研究”(22CZS009)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“肩水金关汉简地理史料的整理与研究”(2021M701904)阶段性成果。
关键词
西北汉简
甲卒
地湾
张掖郡
编制
Han manuscripts unearthed from Northwest China
jiazu
Diwan
Zhangye Commandery
military establishment
