摘要
探讨地下水埋深和施氮量对华北地区冬小麦灌浆特性和水氮利用效率影响,以百农4199为试验材料,设置地下水埋深(GW2:2 m,GW3:3 m,GW4:4 m)和施氮量(N300:纯氮量300 kg/hm^(2),N240:纯氮量240 kg/hm^(2))2个因素,评估地下水埋深和施氮量对冬小麦灌浆特性、产量形成及水氮利用效率等影响.结果表明:小麦千粒质量与快速增长期时间拐点、平均灌浆速率、灌浆持续时间显著正相关;路径分析表明,地下水埋深主要是通过影响小麦单株籽粒质量、穗数、穗粒数来影响产量的,地下水埋深对产量影响的直接标准化路径系数为0.334(P<0.05),施氮量主要是通过影响单株籽粒质量和穗数来间接影响产量;地下水埋深相同时,N240施氮水平氮肥偏生产力NPP和水分利用效率WUE均显著高于N300施氮水平.故建议地下水埋深大于2 m地区小麦高产和农业绿色可持续发展的施氮量为240 kg/hm^(2).
In order to investigate the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on grain filling characteristics and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat in North China,taking Bainong 4199 as experimental material,groundwater depth(GW2:2 m,GW3:3 m,GW4:4 m)and nitrogen application rate(N300:pure nitrogen:300 kg/hm^(2),N240:pure nitrogen:240 kg/hm^(2))were set to evaluate the effects of groundwater depth and nitrogen application rate on winter wheat yield formation,grain filling characteristics and water and nitrogen use efficiency.The results show that the 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat is significantly positively correlated with turning point,the average grain filling rate and the grain filling duration.Path analysis show that groundwater depth mainly affects wheat yield by influencing grain weight per plant,spike number and kernels per spike,the direct standardized path coefficient of groundwater depth on yield is 0.334(P<0.05),and nitrogen application rate indirectly affects wheat yield by influencing grain weight per plant and spike number.At the same groundwater depth,NPP and WUE of N240 application rate are significantly higher than those of N300 application rate.Therefore,the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm^(2) is recommended for winter wheat high yield and green and sustainable agricultural development.
作者
白芳芳
李平
乔冬梅
齐学斌
郭魏
马灿灿
杜臻杰
BAI Fangfang;LI Ping;QIAO Dongmei;QI Xuebin;GUO Wei;MA Cancan;DU Zhenjie(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;Agricultu-ral Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China)
出处
《排灌机械工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第12期1275-1283,共9页
Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering
基金
河南省科技攻关计划项目(212102110233)
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800605)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FIRI20210102)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51679241,51779260,51709265,51879268)。
关键词
冬小麦
地下水埋深
施氮量
灌浆特性
千粒质量
产量
WUE
氮肥利用效率
winter wheat
groundwater depth
nitrogen application rate
grain filling characteristics
1000-kernel weight
yield
WUE
nitrogen use efficiency
