摘要
【目的】研究连续旋耕下深耕对不同优质粳稻生长动态、光合物质生产及产量形成过程的影响,为寒地优质粳稻高产高效栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】2018—2019年以绥粳18、垦稻12和三江6为供试材料,在秸秆还田条件下,前茬连续2年旋耕基础上,设置深耕和旋耕2种耕作方式,研究耕作方式对优质粳稻生长动态及花后物质生产特性的影响。【结果】年份间产量差异不显著,而耕作方式对寒地优质粳稻生长发育、花后光合物质生产特性及产量性状存在显著影响。与旋耕相比,深耕显著增加了每平方米分蘖数和有效穗数,剑叶展开时间晚且持续时间长,抽穗晚但持续时间无变化;增加了生物量和茎鞘干物质转运能力,其中齐穗期生物量和茎鞘干物质分别增加8.34%和5.36%;输出量、输出率及转化率增幅分别为13.19%、6.70%和9.17%,差异显著(P<0.05);提高了齐穗期与成熟期叶面指数,延长了绿叶面积持续时间,增加了群体生长速率;促进了主茎倒3、4节位的节间长度、叶片长度和宽度,增加了株高和穗长;每穗粒数和粒重分别增加7.05%和3.37%,收获指数增加1.90%,实现产量平均增幅12.78%。同一耕作方式条件下,在茎蘖数、光合物质生产能力、茎鞘干物质积累量及转运能力、产量及其构成上均以垦稻12表现最佳,绥粳18次之;而三江6花后叶面积指数、成熟期每穗粒数和粒重虽然较高,但并不能弥补其干物质转运能力、有效穗数和千粒重低的不足。在互作效应上,深耕×垦稻12处理表现出较高的每平方米有效穗数,花后光合物质生产及转运能力强,粒叶比和群体生长速率高,千粒重与收获指数高,增产9.15%—27.47%。【结论】在连续旋耕稻田上搭配一次深耕的耕作方式是利于提高本区域优质粳稻产量的耕作制度。
【Objective】The effects of deep tillage under continuous rotary tillage on growth dynamics,photosynthetic matter production and yield formation of different japonica rice were studied in order to provide the technical support for high yield and high efficiency cultivation of high quality japonica rice in cold regions.【Method】A field experiment was conducted in 2018-2019,under the condition of straw returning to the field,on the basis of rotary tillage in the previous stubble for two consecutive years.Here,two tillage practices,namely,deep tillage and rotary tillage,were adopted during the growth stages of three modern japonica varieties Suijing18,Kendao12,and Sanjiang6.The effects of deep tillage and rotary tillage on the growth dynamics and post-anthesis production characteristics of high-quality japonica rice were studied.【Result】There was no significant difference in yield between years,but tillage methods had significant effects on the growth and development,photosynthetic dry matter production characteristics and yield characters of high-quality japonica rice in cold regions.Compared with rotary tillage,the deep tillage significantly increased the number of tillers per square meter and the number of effective panicles,the flag leaf unfolded later and lasted longer,and the heading stage was late but the duration did not change;The biomass and dry matter transport capacity of stem and sheath under deep tillage increased,and the biomass and stem-sheath dry matter transport capacity were increased by 8.34%and 5.36%respectively at full heading stage;The output,output rate and transformation rate of stem-sheath matter under deep tillage increased by 13.19%,6.70%and 9.17%,respectively(P<0.05);The deep tillage increased the leaf area index at full heading and mature stage,prolonged the duration of green leaf area and increased the population growth rate;The internode length,leaf length and width of the third and fourth nodes of the main stem under deep tillage were increased,and the plant height and ear l
作者
赵黎明
黄安琪
王亚新
蒋文鑫
周行
沈雪峰
冯乃杰
郑殿峰
ZHAO LiMing;HUANG AnQi;WANG YaXin;JIANG WenXin;ZHOU Hang;SHEN XueFeng;FENG NaiJie;ZHENG DianFeng(College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,Guangdong)
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第22期4550-4566,共17页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302052010)
湛江市创新创业团队引育领航计划(2020LHJH01)
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1002205)。
关键词
旋耕
深耕
优质粳稻
产量
光合
物质生产特性
rotary tillage
deep tillage
high-quality japonica rice
yield
photosynthesis
characteristics of material production
