摘要
北魏王朝定都平城前后,大规模的移民潮使得当地人口数量剧增,人群成分骤然复杂,当地的生业经济呈现出多样化的特征。大同金茂府北魏墓群随葬动物及其组合以羊、牛及鱼为基本特征,提示相关人群从事的生业经济可能和当地传统的农耕经济不同。鉴于此,本研究选取山西省大同市金茂府墓地(40°03′54″N,113°17′22″E) 70例人骨及牙齿(27例长骨、 32例肋骨和11例牙本质)和8例动物骨骼进行C、 N稳定同位素分析,还原不同个体长时段内的生业经济及可能的变迁。结果显示,羊(δ^(13)C均值:-16.4‰±0.9‰;δ^(15)N均值:7.7‰±1.2‰, n=7)主要以C和C类植物为主,但主要偏向于C类植物,牛(δ^(13)C:-11.6‰;δ^(15)N:7.6‰, n=1)则主要是C类植物为食,尽管牛和羊的饲喂方式存在明显的区分,但都受到了粟黍农业明显的影响。33个先民个体不同部位组织(长骨、肋骨和牙本质)总体的数据(δ^(13)C均值:-9.8‰±1.1‰;δ^(15)N均值:9.9‰±0.8‰, n=70)显示,先民主要是以C类食物为生,包含粟黍及以其为基础饲喂的家畜等。金茂府先民长骨(δ^(13)C:-13.1‰~-8.5‰,均值-9.8‰±1.1‰;δ^(15)N:8.9‰~11.4‰,均值9.9‰±0.7‰, n=27)与大同操场城北魏太官粮储遗址炭化粟的稳定同位素值进行比较分析显示,金茂府先民主要以粟类食物为生。不同性别和不同年龄之间的δ^(13)C和δ^(15)N值无显著性差异。然而,不同性别的肋骨δ^(15)N值则存在明显的差异(p=0.036<0.05),男性在死亡前2年~5年左右时间内的δ^(15)N值(均值10.5‰±0.8‰, n=14)普遍高于女性(均值9.8‰±0.8‰, n=12),这可能和他们的生活习惯相关。同时,不同组织的稳定同位素进行整体比较(长骨,δ^(13)C均值:-9.8‰±1.1‰,δ^(15)N均值:9.9‰±0.7‰, n=27;肋骨,δ^(13)C均值:-9.8‰±0.9‰,δ^(15)N均值:10.0‰±0.9‰, n=32;牙本质,δ^(13)C均值:-10.0‰±1.6‰,δ^(15)N均值:9.9‰±0.7‰, n=11)发现其值�
Before and after the period of Pingcheng(Datong City)became the Capital in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the large-scale immigration wave caused the local population to increase sharply. Meanwhile, the population composition in Pingcheng suddenly became complex. As a result, the subsistence economy in Pingcheng presented the characteristics of diversification. Currently, the burial animal assemblage with sheep, cattle, and fish, was found in the Jinmaofu cemetery during the Northern Wei Dynasty, in Datong city, suggesting that the subsistence economy of the past population might make their living by a subsistence pattern different with agricultural economy. Here, we selected 70 cases of human bones and teeth(27 long bones, 32 ribs, and 11 dentins)and 8 animal bones in Jinmaofu cemetery(40° 03′54″N, 113° 17′22″E), Datong City, Shanxi Province for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis to reconstruct the consistence economy and possible changes in the long period of different individuals. Results show that sheep(δ^(13)C mean value:-16.4‰± 0.9‰, δ^(15)N mean value: 7.7‰± 1.2‰, n=7)were mainly consumed Cand Cplants(mainly Cplants), while cattle(δ^(13)C:-11.6‰, δ^(15)N:7.6‰, n=1)were fed on Cplants, Despite the clear distinction between cattle and sheep feeding methods, both were significantly affected by millet agriculture. All data(δ^(13)C mean value:-9.8‰± 1.1‰, δ^(15)N mean value: 9.9‰± 0.8‰, n=70) of different parts and tissues(long bone, rib, and dentin)of 33 humans was similar, indicating that the past populations mainly made their living by Cfoods, likely millets, and/or domestic animals fed on millet and/or millet by-products. Comparative analysis of the stable isotope value of the long bones of Jinmaofu cemetery(δ^(13)C:-13.1‰~-8.5‰, mean value:-9.8‰±1.1‰;δ^(15)N:8.9‰ ~11.4‰, mean value: 9.9‰± 0.7‰, n=27)and carbonized millet of Tai Guan in Datong City of the Northern Wei Dynasty shows that the ancestors of Jinmaofu mainly lived on millet food. δ^
作者
周丽琴
吕晓晶
崔贺勋
古顺芳
张国文
侯亮亮
ZHOU Liqin;LÜ Xiaojing;CUI Hexun;GU Shunfang;ZHANG Guowen;HOU Liangliang(Department of Archaeology,School of Archaeology and Museology of Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,Shanxi;Datong Institute of Archaeology,Datong 037048,Shanxi;Department of Archaeology,School of Archaeology of Jilin University,Changchun 130012,Jilin;Department of Archaeology and Museology,Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350;Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology&Institute of Archaeological Science,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1749-1763,共15页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:19BKG044)资助。
关键词
金茂府北魏墓群
碳氮稳定同位素
食物结构
粟黍农业
Northern Wei Dynasty cemetery of Jinmaofu
carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis
diet
millet agriculture
