摘要
双腔室空气弹簧以其优良的隔振性能及刚度可变特性已经在部分高端车型和赛车上得到应用,但是对其动刚度预报的精确模型及动态特性的深入研究还不够完善。基于能量原理从热力学角度出发,结合空气动力学及结构动力学给出一套双腔室空气弹簧的精确模型并给出各刚度、阻尼项明确的物理意义。设计示功试验,选取不同振幅和频率的正弦激励对双/单腔空气弹簧进行试验验证。试验结果表明所提动刚度模型能够很好地反映出双腔室空气弹簧的滞回特性及刚度可变特性,也能够明确反映出动刚度的频率相关性。最后基于模型给出各参数项对动刚度幅值和滞回相位角的影响规律,基于试验验证仿真结果并给出规律的物理解释。研究结果表明:单腔室空气弹簧的动刚度频率特性相位角仅因热交换而存在一个峰值;双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度相位角存在2个峰值,主要是由热交换(第1峰)与小孔产生的阻尼效应(第2峰)导致;当激励频率趋向于无穷时,由于热交换不充分及腔室之间气体来不及进行交换,故单/双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度相位角逐渐趋向于零;研究得出的模型预报方法及动态特性可以对单/双腔室空气弹簧的动刚度进行准确估计,并给出了其动刚度的频率相关性及其影响因素与变化规律。研究结论能够对空气弹簧的整车动力学匹配及设计提供正面的指导。
Dual-chamber air springs have been used in some supreme and racing cars because of their excellent vibration isolation performance and variable stiffness characteristics. However, an accurate model of their dynamic stiffness prediction and an in-depth study of the dynamic characteristics are still needed. Based on the energy principle from the perspective of thermodynamics, aerodynamics and structural dynamics were combined to develop an accurate model of a dual-chamber air spring and to provide clear physical meanings of the stiffness and damping terms. In the design of the indicator experiment, sine excitations with different amplitudes and frequencies were selected to verify the model. The experimental results show that the dynamic stiffness model proposed reflects the hysteresis characteristics and the variable stiffness characteristics of the dual-chamber air spring well. It also clearly reflects the frequency dependence of the dynamic stiffness. Finally, based on the model, the law of the influence of each parameter on the dynamic stiffness amplitude and hysteresis phase angle was determined. Based on experimental results, the simulation result was verified, and a physical explanation of the law was obtained. The results show that the phase angle of the dynamic stiffness frequency characteristic of the single-chamber air spring only has a peak resulting from heat exchange. The dynamic stiffness phase angle of the dual-chamber air spring has two peaks, mainly because of the heat exchange(first peak) and damping effect(second peak) produced by a small hole. When the excitation frequency tends to infinity, because of the insufficient heat exchange and insufficient gas exchange between the chambers, the phase angle of the dynamic stiffness of the single/dual-chamber air spring gradually approaches zero. The model prediction method and dynamic characteristics provided can accurately estimate the dynamic stiffness of single/dual-chamber air springs, as well as the frequency dependence of the dynamic stiffness and
作者
邬明宇
尹航
李雪冰
张建杰
吕靖成
危银涛
WU Ming-yu;YIN Hang;LI Xue-bing;ZHANG Jian-jie;LYU Jing-cheng;WEI Yin-tao(School of Vehicles and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Cosmartor Intelligent Suspension Technology(Qingdao)Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266300,Shandong,China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期352-360,共9页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51761135124,11672148)。
关键词
汽车工程
滞回特性
热力学
双腔室空气弹簧
动态特性
automotive engineering
hysteresis characteristics
thermodynamics
dual-chamber air springs
dynamic characteristics
