摘要
生态补偿标准的确定是生态补偿政策研究中的重要内容。目前,生态补偿标准核算方法各异,核算结果相差较大。为明晰投入与产出即所需支付的机会成本与对应获得的生态系统服务供给量之间的定量关系,以位于黄河中游、黄土高原中南部地区的延安市为例,以退耕还林(草)工程的生态补偿为分析背景,探讨了土地利用类型由耕地转变为林地过程中,不同生态补偿标准及其对应新增的生态系统服务供给量(水源涵养量和土壤保持量);利用最小数据法耦合机会成本和生态系统服务供给量(水源涵养量和土壤保持量)的定量关系,推导出了退耕还林生态补偿曲线,并根据生态恢复目标,确定了相应的补偿标准。结果表明:①退耕还林能够提高生态系统服务供给量;单位面积退耕林地能够获取的水源涵养量和土壤保持量分别为1536.93 m^(3)/年、48.6 t/年。②在不实施生态补偿的情况下,仅有1.86%的农户自愿进行退耕还林,随着补偿标准的提高,退耕还林比例逐渐增加;根据退耕还林补偿曲线可查看不同补偿标准对应的退耕比例和生态系统服务供给量。③延安地区现行补偿金额仅能促使9%的农户自愿进行退耕,现行补偿金额与最优补偿金额仍相差较大。研究结果可为退耕还林(草)补偿政策的制定提供数据支撑。
The determination of ecological compensation standards is an important part of ecological compensation policy research.At present,the accounting methods of ecological compensation standards are different,and the accounting results are quite different.In order to clarify the quantitative relationship between input and output,that is,the opportunity cost to be paid and the corresponding supply of ecological services,Yan′an City,located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the central and Southern Loess Plateau,is taken as an example.Taking the ecological compensation of the returning farmland to forest(grassland)project as the analysis background,this paper discusses the different ecological compensation standards and the corresponding new ecological service supply(water conservation and soil conservation)in the process of land use type changing from cultivated land to forest land.Using the minimum data method to couple the quantitative relationship between opportunity cost and ecosystem service supply(water conservation and soil conservation),the ecological compensation curve of returning farmland to forests is derived,and the corresponding compensation standard is determined according to the ecological restoration goal.The results are as follows.Firstly,returning farmland to forests can improve the supply of ecosystem services.The amount of water conservation and soil conservation that can be obtained by returning farmland to forest land per unit area are 1536.93 m3/a and 48.6 t/a respectively.Secondly,without the implementation of ecological compensation,only 1.86%of the farmers voluntarily returned farmland to forest,and with the improvement of the compensation standard,the proportion of returning farmland to forest gradually increased.According to the compensation curve of returning farmland to forest,the proportion of returning farmland and the supply of ecological services corresponding to different compensation standards can be checked.Thirdly,the current compensation amount in Yan′an area can
作者
门宝辉
刘菁苹
MEN Baohui;LIU Jingping(College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China)
出处
《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》
北大核心
2022年第5期101-108,共8页
Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(52061135104)。
关键词
退耕还林
生态补偿
生态系统服务
最小数据法
returning farmland to forest
ecological compensation
ecosystem services
minimum data method
