摘要
【目的】为更好认识和利用有毒植物资源。【方法】采用分季节多次线路调查和重点区域样地调查以及访问村民相结合的调查方法对台江县野生有毒植物进行调查研究。【结果】台江县野生有毒植物较为丰富,有152种(含种以下),隶属57科115属,分别占全国有毒植物科、属、种的40.71%、26.62%、11.69%。以大戟科、夹竹桃科、豆科、毛茛科、芸香科、胡桃科、天南星科、菊科为优势科,这8科有69种,占总种数的45.39%;以鹅绒藤属、大戟属、半夏属、茄属、杠柳属、漆树属为优势属。台江县野生有毒植物科的地理区系成分以热带成分占优势,具有一定温带成分的特点;属的地理区系成分以温带分布占优势,表现为植物区系温带特征。台江县野生有毒植物的毒性组成以中、小毒有毒植物为主,剧毒有毒植物较少;以全株为有毒部位的为主,有61种,占总数的40.13%;有毒化学成分以生物碱为主,有102种,占总数的67.11%;毒理类型以神经系统毒为主,有55种,占总数的36.18%。作为植物源农药是有毒植物最有开发价值的用途。【结论】在进一步掌握野生木本有毒植物生物学特性、有毒化学成分组成的基础上,开发和筛选一批生长能力强、利用价值高的野生有毒植物进行种质资源选育、丰产栽培技术试验和驯化。
【Objective】This paper aims to better understand and utilize of poisonous plant resources.【Method】The wild poisonous plants in Taijiang County were investigated by means of multi-season line survey,sample plot survey and villagers interview.【Result】The results showed that there were 152 species belonging to 115 genera and 57 families in Taijiang County,accounting for 40.71%,26.62%and 11.69%of the poisonous plant genera,families and species in China,respectively.There were 69 species in Euphorbiaceae,Apocynaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,Rutcrocidae,Juglandaceae,Araceae and Asteraceae as the dominant families,accounting for 45.39%of the total species.The dominant genera were Cynanchum,Euphorbia,Pinellia,Solanum,Periploca and Toxicodendron.The flora of wild poisonous plants in Taijiang county is dominated by tropical components,with some characteristics of temperate components.The floristic components of the genus are dominated by temperate distribution,showing temperate floristic characteristics.The poisonous composition of wild poisonous plants in Taijiang county was mainly medium and small poisonous plants,with few highly poisonous plants.There were 61 species that whole plant was the main poisonous site,accounting for 40.13%of the total.There were 102 kinds thatalkaloids are the main poisonous chemical components,accounting for 67.11%of the total.There were 55 toxicological types,accounting for 36.18%of the total.To be used as botanical pesticides are the most valuable use of poisonous plants.【Conclusion】On the basis of further understanding the biological characteristics and poisonous chemical composition of wild woody poisonous plants,a batch of wild poisonous plants with strong growth ability and high utilization value were developed and screened for germplasm resource selection,high-yield cultivation technology test and domestication.
作者
杨礼旦
陈应强
YANG Li-dan;CHEN Ying-qiang(Forestry Bureau of Taijiang County,Taijiang 556300,China)
出处
《温带林业研究》
2022年第4期28-38,共11页
Journal of Temperate Forestry Research
关键词
有毒植物
资源调查
利用分析
台江县
poisonous plant
resource survey
utilization analysis
Taijiang County
