摘要
作为缅甸最强大的组织机构,缅甸军方在其国家事务中扮演着双重角色。1962年奈温建立军事政权以来,缅甸军方在主导缅甸政治进程的同时,借助国有化政策实现了“藏富于军”。20世纪90年代,缅甸军方通过出口自然资源获得了大量预算外收入,成功解除西方的经济围堵和政治封锁,快速实现了资本的原始积累和组织机构的现代化转型。强大的军方经济体系对缅甸军政关系及社会治理产生了深刻的影响,一是维护和强化了缅甸军事威权主义的韧性,为军方采取灵活策略、确保“有纪律的民主”提供了关键支持;二是市场化经济改革难以逾越军队利益固化藩篱;三是公民难以抵御国家的政治渗透,社会整体民主政治意识缺失。考察缅甸军方的经济行为,有助于刻画缅甸军事威权统治的全貌,深入理解缅甸军方在国家建构议程中的“中心地位”。
As the mo st powerful organization in Myanmar, the Myanmar military plays a dual role in its state affairs.Since Ne Win established the military regime in 1962, the Myanmar military has achieved "enrichment of the army" with the help of nationalization policy while leading the political process. In the 1990s, a large amount of extra-budgetary revenue obtained by the military through the export of natural resources successfully lifted the economic containment and political blockade from Western countries, and quickly realized the primitive accumulation of capital and modernization of the organizational structure. The strong military economic system has had a profound impact on Myanmar’s military-government relations and social governance. First, it has maintained and strengthened the resilience of Myanmar’s military authoritarianism, providing key support for the military to adopt flexible strategies to ensure "Disciplined Democracy";Second, it is difficult for market-oriented economic reforms to go beyond the solidified military interests;Third, it is difficult for citizens to resist the political infiltration of the state, and the society as a whole lacks democratic political sense. Hence, it is helpful to portray a full picture of Myanmar’s military authoritarian rule and gain a deeper understanding of its centrality in the nation-building agenda by investigating the economic behavior of the Myanmar military.
作者
张晋山
李燕君
ZHANG Jinshan;LI Yanjun
出处
《东南亚纵横》
2022年第3期73-85,共13页
Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies
基金
中央社会主义学院统一战线高端智库课题《“台独”分裂势力向东南亚华人华侨渗透及我方对策研究》(ZK20210137)的阶段性研究成果
2022年度广西学位与研究生教育改革课题《基于高校智库建设与研究生教育融合的广西“本硕贯通人才”培养研究》(JGY2022049)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
威权韧性
民主转型
食利经济
缅甸
军队
Authoritarian Resilience
Democratic Transition
Rentier Economy
Myanmar
Army
