摘要
中藏药材是世界四大传统医学中的中医学、藏医学理论所记载的常用药材。目前,我国中藏医药被推向世界,得到各民族的认可,并且临床药效显著,销售广泛。根据社会发展的需求和藏药材汉译力度的加大,译名时常以藏药材与中药之间的差异及表面上的相似性为依据。因此不少藏药材汉译名出现混淆,甚至出现误译滥用的现象,翻译工作是一项艰巨而具有创造性的工作,从事藏药材名翻译的工作人员不仅要熟悉藏医药学相关知识和藏汉两种语言有关的文化知识,而且要有使命感和严谨的职业道德,藏药材译名对中藏药材用药安全和药效有很大影响,由于译名不统一、不准确,使得藏药在研发、注册、生产环节处处受阻,严重制约着藏医知识的传播、国内外医药交流、学科与行业间的沟通、藏医科技成果的推广使用和生产技术的发展。药效直接关系到人的生命,药名的翻译混乱在藏医药未来的发展和研究领域也增添了新的混乱,从而影响到药用功效,甚至危及生命。对常用中藏药材,如阿胶、当归、五味子、渣驯、紫檀、多脉猫乳膏、穆库尔没药和桃儿七等的互用现象,通过讨论藏汉翻译译名的同名异物、同物异名、形态差异、药用部位、功能主治等问题后,对中藏药材翻译工作提出了三点建议:首先,中藏药翻译人员必须具备藏医药尤其是藏医药识别和炮制方面的工作经验;其次,中藏药翻译人员要熟悉中药与西药的理论与药效;再次,中藏药翻译人员必须熟悉国内外药品管理方面的基本知识和相关法律。此外,对常用藏药材进行中藏医药的识别及汉译名的比较作了剖析。
Translation is an arduous and creative task.Translators should not only be familiar with the cultural customs related to the two languages,but also they need to have the sense of mission and strict professional ethics.Especially,the efficacy of medicine is directly related to people’s lives,so translators of pharmaceutical should be responsible for human health.If there is a translation error,the efficacy will not be good,or even the drug reaction will lead to death.This article tries to compare several kinds of Tibetan medicine with traditional Chinese medicine that are cross-used and common medicinal materials like colla corii asini,angelica sinensis,schisandra chinensis,faeces ochotonae erythrotis,santalum album,multi pulse cat emulsifiable paste,Mukul myrrh,Taoerqi.After analyzing and translating the names of foreign names,synonyms,morphological differences,medicinal parts and functional indications of Tibetan and Chinese translations,the paper puts forward three views on the translation of Chinese and Tibetan medicinal materials.First of all,Chinese and Tibetan translators must have experience in identifying and processing Tibetan medicine,especially Tibetan medicine.Secondly,Chinese and Tibetan translators should be familiar with the theoretical and pharmacodynamic studies of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Thirdly,Chinese and Tibetan medicine translators must be familiar with the basic knowledge and relevant laws of drug administration at home and abroad.
作者
尼玛才让
吉太加
Nyi-Ma-Tshe-Ring;lCags-Thar-rGyal(Tibetan medicine preparation technology)
出处
《青海师范大学学报（藏文版）》
2022年第2期165-172,共8页
Journal of Qinghai Normal University (Tibetan language)
关键词
中藏医
互用
药材
译名
混淆
Chinese and Tibetan Medicine
cross connection
use
commonly used medicinal herbs
translated name
confussion
