摘要
本文在讨论商墓随葬动物的不同分类方法及其得失的基础上,对殷墟孝民屯遗址商墓随葬动物进行了分类,并探讨了不同分类的随葬动物性质。本文重新梳理了墓葬不同类别犬牲的年龄,发现如果在腰坑和填土等非腰坑位置均随葬狗,会在可供选择的狗中挑选年龄更小的放置在腰坑中,但腰坑、墓葬的填土等非腰坑位置随葬的狗以及颈系铜铃的狗牲均以未成年个体为主,成年个体的比例并不高,因此根据是否颈系铜铃与死亡年龄将腰坑和填土中随葬的狗的性质和功用截然区分开来,证据并不充足。对孝民屯晚商墓葬二层台等位置随葬不完整动物的牲体选择的分析,发现商文化的丧葬礼制中当存在牲体礼,而牲体的选择也有其背后的礼制渊源。通过讨论古代墓葬用牲研究的方法,本文进一步提出结合动物考古的鉴定研究与考古背景、历史文献的“文化信息”的分析,对孝民屯等商墓或商系墓葬随葬动物或墓葬用牲进行个案分析或综合研究,是商文化乃至商周、古代丧葬用牲礼俗研究深入的重要基础。
Based on the discussion of classification system of animals offerings in toms of the Shang culture,this paper classifys the different types of animal offerings in the Shang toms and explores the nature of different types of animal offerings.The analysis of the mortality age of dogs in Waist Pits and other burial contexts such as fillings of toms,second-layered platform around the coffin in the Shang toms etc.reveals that most of dogs are young individuals and the adults individuals are very few.So there is no substantial evidences in suggesting the nature of waist pits and dog offerings according to the death ages of dog offerings and whether a bronze bells being or not being around the dog’s neck as some scholars suggested.The analysis of the selection of body part of incomplete amimal offerings reveals the existence of the rituals of body part selection in Shang culture.Finally the paper suggest the combination of zooarchaeological analysis,context archaeology and historical documents analysis will be valuable to the case study and comprehensive research of the ritual use of animals in the mortuary context of Shang and Zhou cultures.
出处
《南方文物》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期227-233,共7页
Cultural Relics in Southern China
关键词
殷墟孝民屯
商墓
随葬动物
墓葬用牲
Xiaomitun Site of Yinxu
Shang toms
Animal offerings
Ritual use of animals in Shang and Zhou tombs
