摘要
董仲舒自然哲学可以划分为自然论、天论、天人感应论、十端论四重维度。“自然”标志事物发展的客观性、规律性、逻辑性。天论则存在着自然之天与神明之天的二重性。神明之天通过自然之天显示出“天意”“天命”。天人感应论是董仲舒自然哲学的核心内容。董仲舒尽管认为绝大部分自然现象出于自然界本身,但是更看重灾异与祥瑞等反映神明意志的特别现象。君主的作为构成了感应的逻辑起点,进而被神明遣告,并反映为灾异与祥瑞两种特殊的自然现象。天人感应的内在机理就在于以阴阳五行为主体的十端之间的同类相动。而儒家通过分析灾异的阴阳五行属性,进而劝谏君主、改制更张。讨论董仲舒自然哲学有助于实现对其天人感应论的内在机制问题进行调适,实现自然论、天论、天人感应论、十端论的统一。
Dong Zhongshu’s natural philosophy can be divided into four dimensions:the theory of nature,the theory of heaven,the theory of the response between nature and humans,and the theory of ten initiators.Nature indicates the objectivity,regularity and logic of the development of things.The theory of heaven has the duality of natural heaven and divine heaven.Divine heaven shows“will of heaven”and“mandate of heaven”through natural heaven.The theory of the response between nature and humans is the core of Dong Zhongshu’s natural philosophy.Although Dong Zhongshu believed that most of the natural phenomena originated from the nature itself,he paid more attention to the special phenomena reflecting the will of heaven,such as disasters and auspicious omens.The actions of the monarch constitute the logical starting point of response,which is then told by the gods and reflected in two special natural phenomena,namely,disasters and auspicious omens.The internal mechanism of the response between nature and humans lies in the response of the same kind of things among ten initiators which take yin,yang and the five elements as the main subjects.Confucianism,by analyzing the attributes of yin,yang and the five elements of disasters,exhorted the monarch to reform the system.The discussion of Dong Zhongshu’s natural philosophy will help to adjust the internal mechanism of his theory of the response between nature and humans and realize the unity of the theory of nature,the theory of heaven,the theory of the response between nature and humans,and the theory of ten initiators.
作者
崔锁江
白立强
CUI Suojiang;BAI Liqiang(Dongzi College,Hengshui University,Hengshui,Hebei 053000,China)
出处
《衡水学院学报》
2022年第6期53-59,共7页
Journal of Hengshui University
基金
河北省社会科学基金项目(HB20ZX005)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地“价值与文化研究中心”重大项目(16JJD720004)。
关键词
董仲舒
自然
天人感应
天论
阴阳五行
十端
Dong Zhongshu
nature
response between nature and humans
the theory of heaven
yin yang and the five elements
ten initiators
