摘要
【目的】为促进农业废弃物资源的有效利用,寻找替代草炭的适宜材料,减少废弃物对当地生态的破坏,以发酵完全的农业废弃物牛粪、菇渣为材料,添加蛭石和珍珠岩配制成不同配比的复合基质,研究不同废弃物配比对基质理化性状、黄瓜幼苗生长及成本的影响。【方法】共设置7个处理,各处理中菇渣和牛粪共占体积比80%,蛭石和珍珠岩各占体积比10%。其中T1~T7各处理菇渣和牛粪的体积比分别为1∶7、2∶6、3∶5、4∶4、5∶3、6∶2、7∶1,以商品基质作为对照,采用随机分布排列,每个处理3次重复,进行育苗试验。【结果】不同废弃物配比的复合基质理化性质不相同,但均在黄瓜幼苗生长的适宜范围内,随着各处理牛粪含量降低和菇渣含量的增加,基质的透气性增大,气水比增加,pH增加,EC值降低,氮、磷、钾的含量呈现先增加后降低;T1~T7各基质处理培养幼苗的茎粗、地下部干重、地下部鲜重、根冠比、幼苗根系活力和幼苗叶绿素含量显著增加。成本分析表明,不同基质配比的处理价格比对照节约20~80元/t。【结论】灰色关联度分析结果表明菇渣和牛粪的体积比为6∶2(T6)和7∶1(T7)时较适宜作为黄瓜穴盘育苗的复合基质,为农业废弃物的合理利用奠定了基础,有助于减少对草炭等不可再生资源的使用。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to promote the effective utilization of agricultural waste resources,to find suitable materials to replace peat and reduce the damage of waste to local ecology,the mixed matrix with different proportions of cattle manure and mushroom residue adding vermiculate and perlite was made to investigate the effects of mixed matrix on the properties,the growth of cucumber seedling and cost.【Method】A total of 7 treatments were set up,in which vermiculite and perlite each accounted for 10%by volume,mushroom residue and cattle manure accounted for 80%totally by volume,and the volume ratio of mushroom residue to cattle manure of T1-T7 were 1∶7,2∶6,3∶5,4∶4,5∶3,6∶2 and 7∶1,using commercial substrate as contrast,the seedlings were randomly distributed and each treatment was repeated 3 times.【Result】The physicochemical properties of the mixed matrix differed with the mushroom residue to cattle manure ratio,but all were in the suitable range of cucumber seedling growth.With the decreasing of cattle manure content and the increasing of mushroom residue content,the permeability,gas to water ratio and pH of the substrate increased,and the EC value decreased,and the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased firstly and then decreased;The stem diameter,dry weight and fresh weight of underground and root-shoot ratio of seedlings,root activity and chlorophyll content of seedlings increased significantly on the mixed matrix T1-T7.It saved 20-80 yuan per ton for mixed matrix of different proportions comparing with commercial substrate.【Conclusion】The results of grey relational analysis shows that T6-T7 ware more suitable for cucumber seedling cultivation,which can lay a foundation for rational utilization of agricultural waste,and help reduce the use of non-renewable resources such as peat.
作者
张婷婷
李娟
刘娜
薛婉钰
陈书霞
ZHANG Ting-ting;LI Juan;LIU Na;XUE Wan-yu;CHEN Shu-xia(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University/Vegetable Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期2154-2160,共7页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
陕西省重点研发计划(2019ZDLNY03-02、2021ZDLNY03-04)
西北农林科技大学试验示范站(基地)科技创新与成果转化项目(TGZX2020-20)
陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2019-YL04)。
关键词
基质配比
牛粪
菇渣
黄瓜幼苗
灰色关联度
Mixed matrix
Cattle manure
Mushroom residue
Cucumber seedling
Grey relational degree
