摘要
目的分析河北省学校教学环境卫生现状,为进一步改善学校教学环境卫生提供依据,促进学生身心健康。方法2020年在河北省选择140所中小学,共监测817间教室,检测内容包括教室人均面积、课桌椅分配符合率、课桌面平均照度、课桌面照度均匀度、黑板面平均照度、黑板面照度均匀度、黑板反射比、噪声,并依据相关国家卫生标准进行卫生监测和评价。结果监测的8项指标总体合格率由高到低依次为黑板面照度均匀度(78.26%)、课桌面照度均匀度(67.20%)、黑板反射比(47.29%)、课桌面平均照度(40.27%)、课桌椅分配符合率(27.78%)、教室人均面积(19.95%)、黑板面平均照度(15.36%)。教室人均面积合格率主城区和非主城区均为中学高于小学(χ^(2)=23.06、8.03,均P<0.05),主城区高于非主城区(χ^(2)=20.18,P<0.01),黑板面照度均匀度合格率为主城区高于非主城区(χ^(2)=7.89,P<0.01),其中主城区小学高于中学(χ^(2)=4.34,P<0.01),课桌面平均照度和黑板反射比为非主城区高于主城区(χ^(2)=11.15、9.66,均P<0.01)。结论河北省部分中小学教学环境总体不容乐观,尤其是黑板面平均照度和教室人均面积,合格率不足20%,教育和卫生部门应加强监测和整改,尤其加大对薄弱环境的投入,为学生提供合格的教学环境。
Objective To understand the teaching environmental health status inside classrooms in some primary and middle schools in Hebei,and to provide basis for school environmental improvement,and to further improve the students′physical and psychological health.Methods In 2020,817 classrooms in 140 primary and middle schools were inspected,the checklist included per capita area of the classroom,correct seating arrangement rate,the illuminance and evenness of the desk and blackboard,the reflection ratio of blackboard and noise.The teaching environmental health was evaluated according to national hygienic standards.Results The overall qualification rates from high to low were illumination evenness of blackboard(78.26%),illumination evenness of desk(67.20%),reflection ratio of blackboard(47.29%),illumination of desk(40.27%),correct seating arrangement rate(27.78%),per capita area of the classroom(19.95%),illumination of blackboard(15.36%).The qualification rate of per capita area of the classroom was higher in middle schools than that in primary schools in both urban areas and suburban areas(χ^(2)=23.06,8.03,P<0.01),and was higher in schools in urban areas than that of those in suburban areas(χ^(2)=20.18,P<0.01).The qualification rate of the illumination evenness of blackboard was higher in schools in urban areas than that of those in suburban areas(χ^(2)=7.89,P<0.01),and was higher in primary schools than in middle schools in urban areas(χ^(2)=4.34,P<0.01).The average illuminance of desk and the reflection ratio of blackboard were both higher in schools in urban areas(χ2=11.15,9.66,P<0.05).Conclusions The overall teaching environment of some primary and secondary schools in Hebei province is not satisfactory,with lower than 20%qualification rates of illumination of desk and per capita area of the classroom.Therefore,the education and health departments should enhance the monitoring and rectification in order to provide students with a qualified teaching environment.
作者
王美琳
丁婷婷
李巧敏
时瑞霞
李力
夏双爽
吕淑珍
陈志强
WANG Mei-lin;DING Ting-ting;LI Qiao-min;SHI Rui-Xia;LI Li;XIA Shuang-shuang;LYU Shu-zhen;CHEN Zhi-qiang(Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050021,China)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期672-675,共4页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
河北省卫生健康委医学科学研究课题(20210350)。
关键词
学校
中小学
教学环境
School
Primary and middle schools
Teaching environmental
