摘要
生态基流承担着维持河道形态稳定,保障河道内生态环境基本健康的作用。确定河流生态基流量对保护流域生态环境,促进区域经济社会发展有着十分重要的意义。以干旱区克里雅河为研究对象,根据兰干水文站月径流资料,分别采用Texas法、不同频率最枯月平均值法(Q_(P)法)、典型水文频率年法、Northern Great Plains Resource Program法(NGPRP法)、最枯月平均流量法、频率曲线法以及年内展布法等7种水文学方法分别计算克里雅河生态基流量。从生态基流的基本功能出发,从维持河道基本形态稳定、保障河道水生生物基本生存,反映径流年内丰枯变化特征等三方面划定标准,评估不同方法生态基流计算结果的达标情况,综合分析评价不同计算方法的适用性。同时结合克里雅河径流特征,对传统生态基流计算方法Texas法进行适当改进。改进后的Texas法计算所得克里雅河全年生态基流对应水量1.89亿m^(3),约占全年径流总量的24.83%,汛期生态基流对应水量1.02亿m^(3),约占同时段径流量的20.1%;非汛期生态基流对应水量0.87亿m^(3),约占同时段径流量的34.4%。研究认为,改进后的Texas法计算得出的生态基流在满足年内不同时段、不同标准水量需求的同时,能更合理的兼顾干旱区河流年内分配差异大的径流特征以及流域水资源总量稀缺的实际情况。在保障河流发挥其基本功能、维持河道形态稳定,避免生态环境遭受严重破坏的前提下,将尽可能多的水资源用于当地日益增长的人民生产生活用水,较好的权衡了该地区生态环境用水与生产生活用水之间的矛盾,具有一定的现实意义。
Ecological base flow is responsible for maintaining the stability of river form and ensuring the basic health of ecological environ⁃ment in river.It is very important to determine the ecological base flow of rivers to protect the ecological environment of river basin and pro⁃mote regional economic and social development.Based on the monthly runoff data of Langan Hydrological Station,the ecological base dis⁃charge of Keriya River in arid area is calculated by using the Texas method,the guarantee rate method(Q_(P) method),the typical hydrological frequency year method,the northern great plains resource program method(NGPRP method),the driest monthly average flow in the past 10 years,the frequency curve method and the annual distribution method respectively.And starting from the basic functions of the ecological base flow,from the stable channel of basic form,basic survival safeguard river aquatic organisms,reflect the characteristics of the runoff during the year and change in three aspects,such as drawing water standards,and evaluation of different methods from the aspects of water ecological base flow calculation results of standard situation,comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the applicability of different calcula⁃tion method.At the same time,combined with the runoff characteristics of Keriya River,the traditional ecological base flow calculation meth⁃od,Texas Method is improved.The annual corresponding water amount of ecological base flow calculated by the improved Texas method is 189 million m^(3),accounting for 24.83%of the total annual runoff of Keriya River,and the corresponding water amount of ecological base flow in the flood season is 102 millionm^(3),accounting for 20.1%of the runoff of the same section.The corresponding amount of ecological base flow in non-flood season was 87 millionm^(3),accounting for about 34.4%of the runoff in the same period.Studies suggest that the ecological base flow calculated by the improved Texas method can not only meet the demand of different standard wate
作者
周明通
魏宣
王宁
郭玉川
ZHOU Ming-tong;WEI Xuan;WANG Ning;GUO Yu-chuan(School of Geographical Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830046,Xinjiang,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2022年第11期50-57,共8页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41961003)
国家自然科学基金联合重点支持项目(U1703237)。
