摘要
干旱是水稻生产中最严重的非生物胁迫,增强根系对深层土壤水分的吸取能力是提高水稻抗旱性的重要育种目标。为筛选优异抗旱稻种资源,本研究对2234份栽培稻种质资源进行了以深根比为鉴定指标的避旱性鉴定评价,在水分梯度抗旱大棚中对131份具有不同深根比的种质进行了孕穗期抗旱性鉴定评价。供试材料的深根比变异范围为8.6%~60.1%,平均深根比为25.8%,47.2%材料的深根比集中在20%~30%之间,25.2%材料的深根比低于20%,深根比超过40%的高深根比种质仅占6.1%;国外材料中高深根比种质比例达到了24.4%,其次是上海(17.9%)和湖南(15.6%),广东、贵州和广西的高深根比种质比例均低于1%;地方品种的深根比略高于育成品种(系),地方品种的高深根比种质比例也高于育成品种(系);粳稻深根比高于籼稻深根比,粳稻中高深根比种质比例是籼稻的3.6倍;在籼稻种质中,湖南籼稻材料中高深根比种质比例较高,而广东、广西和贵州等省的籼稻种质中都只有1份高深根比种质。孕穗期抗旱性鉴定结果显示,高深根比种质中的高抗旱材料比例是低深根比材料的3.2倍、是中等深根比材料的2.0倍。综合分析干旱胁迫和正常水分条件下的结实率以及两种情况下的每穗粒数比值和结实率比值等抗旱性鉴定指标,筛选获得26份抗旱性优异材料,可作为水稻节水抗旱育种优良亲本和应用于抗旱基因挖掘。
Drought is the most serious abiotic stress in rice,and improving its drought resistance via enhancing water uptake capability from deep soil is one of the main objectives in the breeding program.In this study,2234 cultivated rice germplasm resources from China and abroad were evaluated for drought avoidance using the ratio of deep rooting(RDR)as the index.131 germplasm with different RDR were evaluated for drought resistance at the reproductive stage.The mean RDR of tested genotypes is 25.8%,ranging from 8.6%to 60.1%.In 25.2%of tested genotypes the RDR was less 20%,and in 47.2%of tested genotypes a RDR was between 20%and 30%,only 6.1%of tested genotypes a RDR was more than 40%.Exotic germplasm collected from abroad,as well as the genotypes from Shanghai,Hunan,and Jiangsu provinces of China were observed with a higher RDR.Less than 1%of the germplasm from Guangdong,Guizhou and Guangxi provinces of China had a RDR over 40%.In general,the landrace germplasm population showed a higher RDR than that of the improved cultivars(lines).In japonica and indica germplasm,13.2%and 3.7%of tested genotypes,respectively,were observed with a RDR over 40%.There are 33 high RDR geremplasm from Hunan province while one high RDR indica germplasm from Guangdong,Guangxi,and Guizhou,respectively.Considering the spikelet fertility under drought and water conditions,as well as the relative spikelets per panicle and relative spikelet fertility,26 genotypes showing strong drought resistance were identified,which are good donors for rice drought resistance breeding and gene mining.
作者
杨波
陈亮
楼巧君
李铁梅
徐小艳
罗利军
YANG Bo;CHEN Liang;LOU Qiao-jun;LI Tie-mei;XU Xiao-yan;LUO LI-jun(College of Plant Science&Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center,Shanghai 201106)
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期1626-1635,共10页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(应用基础类)(沪农科攻字(2015)第6-1-1号)
国家重点研发计划(2016YFDO100100)
关键词
栽培稻种质资源
抗旱性
避旱性
深根比
cultivated rice germplasm
drought resistance
drought avoidance
ratio of deep rooting
