摘要
牛羊乳是人体蛋白质的重要来源,其蛋白差异影响其营养和加工方法。为探究牛羊乳蛋白组及潜在功能差异,本研究以鲜牛乳与鲜羊乳为研究对象,采用双向电泳联合质谱鉴定技术对乳中总蛋白与清蛋白进行差异蛋白点与生物学功能分析。在脱脂牛羊乳图谱中分别检测到592和659个蛋白点,牛羊乳清中分别为628和650个,α_(s1)-CN、α_(s2)-CN、κ-CN及β-LG在牛羊乳2-DE图谱中区别较大,主要是因为其含量和等电点存在差异。通过质谱除鉴定出了常见的酪蛋白与清蛋白之外,等电点沉淀去除酪蛋白后的乳清样品可以检出更多的低丰度乳清蛋白,如牛乳特有的丝氨酸蛋白酶、维生素D结合蛋白、α-1-抗糖蛋白及羊乳特有的α-2-HS-糖蛋白等。最后对鉴定成功的蛋白质进行生物信息学分析,牛乳蛋白主要涉及抗氧化活性及细胞黏附等特有功能,而羊乳蛋白包括催化活性及与病毒反应等特有功能。蛋白种类与功能差异均为牛羊乳蛋白质的深入比较及掺假靶标研究奠定基础。
Bovine milk and goat milk are important sources of human protein,and their protein differences affect their nutrition and processing methods.In order to explore the proteome and potential functional differences between bovine and goat,this study took fresh bovine milk and fresh goat milk as research objects,and used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE)technology combined with mass spectrometry to analyze the differential protein spots and biological functions of total protein and albumin in milk.2-DE was used to detect 592 and 659 protein spots in defatted bovine and goat milk,and 628 and 650 protein spots in bovine and goat whey,respectively.α_(s1)-CN,α_(s2)-CN,κ-CN andβ-LG were quite different in 2-DE map of bovine and goat milk,mainly because of the differences in their contents and isoelectric points.Besides identified common casein and albumin by mass spectrometry,more low-abundance whey proteins,such as such as goat milk serpin,vitamin D-binding protein,Alpha-1-antiproteinase and goat milk Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein,can be detected in whey samples after casein removal by isoelectric precipitation.Finally,the bioinformatics analysis of successfully identified protein in bovine and goat milk shows that bovine milk protein mainly involves unique functions such as antioxidant activity and cell adhesion,while goat milk protein includes unique functions such as catalytic activity and reaction with virus.The differences of protein types and functions have laid the foundation for the in-depth comparison of protein in bovine and goat milk and the study of adulteration targets.
作者
宋宏新
刘晓凤
程妮
薛海燕
SONG Hongxin;LIU Xiaofeng;CHENG Ni;XUE Haiyan(College of Food and Biological Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;Shenzhen Pumen Technology Co.Ltd.,Shenzhen 518108,China)
出处
《中国乳品工业》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第11期16-23,共8页
China Dairy Industry
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020ZDLNY02-09)
陕西省科技计划项目(2022GY-361,2022KXJ-011)
陕西省教育厅服务地方专项项目(19JC05)
西安市科技计划农业科技创新工程项目(20193035YF023NS023,20NYYF0016)。
关键词
牛乳
羊乳
双相电泳
质谱
bovine milk
goat milk
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
mass spectrometry
