摘要
微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)是一种蓝藻细胞内次级代谢产物,在世界范围内广泛分布,根据其肽链的修饰或所含氨基酸的类型不同,已发现并命名了200多种异构体。各种异构体之间急性毒性差异较大,因此其组成和浓度决定了自然水体中MCs的最终毒性,影响MCs异构体产生的调控因子也成为了如今研究的热点。从遗传角度看,非核糖体肽合成酶的特性、基因重组和基因突变等导致的产毒基因(mcy)编码差异直接造成不同MCs异构体的产生;从环境角度看,光照、温度和营养元素等因子可能通过改变结合位点结构、引起氧化应激和影响藻类生长代谢等方式调控MCs异构体合成。本文根据国内外已有研究成果,对MCs异构体的分布特征以及调控因子的影响机制等方面的研究现状进行了总结归纳,并对未来研究方向进行了展望,以期通过正确认识MCs的产生及转化过程,从而更好地评价其造成的环境风险,为制定相应的消除或减低风险的规避策略提供理论依据。
Microcystins(MCs),a kind of intracellular toxic secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria species,are ubiquitous worldwide.To date,more than 200 microcystin congeners differing in modifications of the peptide backbone or the type of amino acids incorporated have been identified.Due to the great differences in acute toxicity between different congeners,the actual toxicity of MCs in the environment is finally determined by the composition and concentrations of MC congeners.These findings raise intense research on distribution features and regulatory mechanisms involved in MC congeners.Considering the fact of genetics,nonribosomal peptide synthetase(NRPSs)characteristics,genetic recombination,genetic mutation could cause the differences of MC synthetase gene clusters(mcy)encoding,resulting in the production of MC congeners.Besides,environmental factors including light,temperature and nutrients could regulate the synthesis of MC congeners by changing the structure of the binding site,inducing oxidative stress and affecting the growth and metabolism of algae.Thus,this review summarized the advances on research of MC congeners focusing on the structures and properties,geographic distribution,genetic factors and environmental factors that regulate their production.This paper also highlights the future research emphases for better understanding the process of MCs production and transformation,assessing the potential ecological risk,and providing basic theoretical support for formulating risk resistance strategy.
作者
顾毓蓉
程晨
赵雁雁
薛庆举
万翔
张凯晔
谢丽强
Gu Yurong;Cheng Chen;Zhao Yanyan;Xue Qingju;Zhang Kaiye;Xie Liqiang(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjng 210008,China;Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone Work Safety and Environmental Protection Bureau,Kunshan 215300,China;Univesity of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 4.State Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control,Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《生态毒理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期17-32,共16页
Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41877486)
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20170109)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41907326)。
关键词
微囊藻毒素
异构体
产毒机制
遗传因子
环境因子
microcystins
congeners
mechanism of toxicant producing
genetic factors
environmental factors
