摘要
为探究农村生活污水灌溉对土壤的水盐分布、累积,以及对土壤养分和作物品质的影响,试验以农业灌溉水质盐分标准(GB 5084—2021) 1.0 g/L为中位数设置7个盐浓度污水灌溉处理,分别是CK (0 g/L)、RW(raw water, 0.2 g/L)、W1 (0.5 g/L)、W2 (0.8 g/L)、W3 (1.2 g/L)、W4 (1.6 g/L)、W5 (2.0 g/L),采用室内有机玻璃土柱模拟试验法研究土壤水盐运移特性,结合冗余分析法探讨不同盐浓度污水灌溉下土壤盐基离子与土壤养分、pH值之间的关系,并分析盐分对小白菜品质的影响。结果表明:(1)盐浓度较高的生活污水灌溉会使浅土层土壤含盐量明显积累,土壤盐分呈现出浅层土高于深层土的规律。(2)灌水72天后,不同处理表层土持水率分别为29.50%(RW)、30.17%(W1)、30.24%(W2)、30.98%(W3)、30.85%(W4)、32.07%(W5),而W3、W4、W5处理60~80 cm土层土壤接近饱和,土壤持水率在34.08%~37.84%之间,此时易发生返盐现象。(3)Na^(+)+与TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、OM呈显著负相关,与NO_(3)^(-)-N、TP呈显著正相关;Cl~-与TN、NH~+-N、NO~--N呈显著正相关,与TP、pH、OM呈显著负相关。随灌溉污水盐浓度增加,土壤有机质含量减少0.99%~33.55%、TN减少7.14%~23.47%、硝态氮增长36.36%~103.41%,TN、NH~+-N、pH值无明显变化。(4)一定盐浓度污水灌溉下小白菜蛋白质含量、维生素C含量、叶宽、鲜重较CK显著减少,可溶性糖及株高显著增加,其中全盐量、Mg^(2+)、Cl^(-)为小白菜品质的主要影响因子。综上,采用农村生活污水进行浇灌,需控制土壤水分过度饱和,以避免土壤积盐、返盐现象发生。长期灌溉以Na^(+)、Cl^(-)为主要盐基离子的生活污水可能对土壤养分及作物带来负面影响。
In order to explore the influences of rural domestic sewage irrigation on distribution and accumulation of water and salt in soil, as well as soil nutrients and crop quality, the experiment was conducted to design treatments taking the salt content standard of agricultural irrigation water quality(GB 5084—2021) of 1.0 g/L as median. Seven salt concentration sewage irrigation treatments were set as CK(0 g/L), RW(raw water, 0.2 g/L), W1(0.5 g/L), W2(0.8 g/L), W3(1.2 g/L), W4(1.6 g/L) and W5(2.0 g/L). The characteristics of soil water and salt transport were studied through the indoor organic glass soil column simulation test. Combined with redundancy analysis, the relationships of soil base ions with soil nutrients and pH value under sewage irrigation with different salt concentrations were discussed, and the effect of salt on pakchoi quality was analyzed. The results were as follows.(1) Irrigating domestic sewage with high salt concentration could obviously accumulate salt in surface soil, and the soil salt content showed a trend of higher in shallow soil layer than in deep soil layer.(2) After 72 days of irrigation, the water holding capacity of topsoil under different treatments was 29.50%(RW), 30.17%(W1), 30.24%(W2), 30.98%(W3), 30.85%(W4) and 32.07%(W5), and the 60~80-cm soil layer treated by W3, W4 and W5 were almost saturated with the water holding capacity of 34.08%~37.84%;at this time, salt return was easy to occur.(3) Nawas negatively correlated with TN, NH-N and OM, but positively correlated with NO-N and TP;Clwas positively correlated with TN, NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)-N, but negatively correlated with TP, pH and OM. With the increase of salt concentration in sewage, the content of soil organic matter and TN decreased by 0.99%~33.55% and 7.14%~23.47%, the nitrate nitrogen content increased by 36.36%~103.41%, and TN, NH_(4)^(+)-N and pH value did not change significantly.(4) Under sewage irrigation with a certain salt concentration, the protein content, vitamin C content, leaf width and fresh weight of p
作者
张丹丹
郑向群
李厚禹
陈昢圳
张耕涛
孔豪
黄治平
Zhang Dandan;Zheng Xiangqun;Li Houyu;Chen Peizhen;Zhang Gengtao;Kong Hao;Huang Zhiping(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2022年第10期67-74,共8页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项“水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域技术综合集成应用推广”(2017ZX07603-002)。
关键词
农村生活污水
水盐分布
盐基离子
土壤养分
小白菜品质
Rural domestic sewage
Water and salt distribution
Salt-based ions
Soil nutrients
Pakchoi quality
