摘要
目的调查南方四城市住宅和办公等室内环境,了解室内空气4种苯系物:苯(benzene)、甲苯(toluene)、乙苯(ethylbenzene)和二甲苯(xylene)(统称为BTEX)的污染水平,解析室内BTEX的主要来源,估计人群在室内的BTEX呼吸暴露水平。方法本研究通过Tenax TA采样管采集办公室和住宅等室内空气中的BTEX样本并使用热解吸-气相色谱质谱法分析其残留浓度。使用苯、甲苯、乙苯相对成分比探讨住宅和办公室BTEX来源差异;利用暴露评估模型估计了人群在室内办公和住宅环境的苯系物暴露水平。结果苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯在办公室中的平均值分别为20.7、16.3、9.1和29.9μg/m^(3),在住宅中分别为15.4、52.6、39.3和97.8μg/m^(3)。住宅室内空气中甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯的污染水平均高于办公环境;室内BTEX的来源解析发现,办公环境和住宅环境中室内BTEX污染均主要源于装修装饰材料中溶剂的释放;基于中国人群暴露参数的暴露评估发现人群在住宅环境中对甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的暴露量显著高于办公环境,对苯的暴露在两种场所类型中无显著差异。在办公和住宅环境中对多种BTEX的暴露剂量均远小于阈值。结论南方四城市4种苯系物呼吸暴露风险较低,但存在部分住宅与办公室苯污染水平均高于我国新颁布的室内空气质量标准(GB/T 18883-2022)的苯限值。由于人在室内的活动时间远多于室外,需要进一步加强室内空气环境中的污染控制及个人防护以保障人群健康。
Objective To investigate the pouution levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene(BTEX) in indoor air at residences and offices in four cities of southern China, to analyze the potential sources of BTEX and to estimate the population exposure levels of BTEX through indoor inhalation. Methods Tenax TA sampling tubes were used to collect BTEX samples in the indoor air of residences and offices. Thermal desorption technique and GC-MS analysis were combined to measure the mass concentration of BTEX. Relative component ratios of benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene were used to identify the BTEX sources, and exposure assessment model was used to evaluate the population exposure levels of BTEX. Results The mean mass concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were 20.7, 16.3, 9.1 and 29.9 μg/m~3 respectively in offices and were 15.4, 52.6, 39.3 and 97.8 μg/m~3 respectively in residences. The air pollution levels of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in residences were higher than those in offices. Source apportionment of BTEX showed that BTEX pollution in both offices and residences was mainly generated from the release of solvent in decoration materials. Exposure assessment based on the exposure parameters of Chinese population showed that daily average exposure dose to toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in the residential environment was significantly higher than that in the office environment, and no significant benzene exposure difference was detected between the two types of places. The exposure to BTEX in the office and residential environment was far less than the threshold.Conclusion The overall BTEX exposure risk in the four cities in the southem china is low, but the benzene mass concentrations in some residents and offices were higher than the benzene limit in the newly issued “indoor air quality standard(GB/T 18883-2022)”. As people spend more time indoors than outdoors, it is necessary to further strengthen the pollution control and personal protection in the indoor air environment
作者
周军
官家丞
赵文静
马雪璞
董小艳
王秦
秦宁
ZHOU Jun;GUAN Jia-cheng;ZHAO Wen-jing;MA Xue-pu;DONG Xiao-yan;WANG Qin;QIN Ning(China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health/National Institute of Environmental Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100021,China;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing)
出处
《环境卫生学杂志》
2022年第8期585-592,共8页
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177361)
中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室开放基金项目(2021-CKL-01)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(FRF-TP-18-071A1)。
关键词
苯系物
呼吸暴露
室内污染
健康风险
benzenes
respiratory exposure
indoor pollution
health risk
