摘要
针对现有疫苗供应链中存在的关键信息不对称、不透明、易篡改,造假成本低,溯源机制不完善、难问责等问题,本文引入基于区块链的疫苗溯源防伪平台,从消费者效用角度,构建传统疫苗销售模式(疫苗生产商+接种单位)和基于区块链技术的疫苗销售模式(疫苗生产商+基于区块链的疫苗溯源防伪平台+接种单位)的疫苗供应链模型。本文运用Stackelberg博弈对比研究两种模式下集中式和分散式决策情形的最优定价策略,探讨疫苗溯源防伪平台对疫苗供应链的利润、消费者剩余及社会福利的影响,分析引入疫苗溯源防伪平台的价值。研究结果表明:当消费者在传统疫苗销售模式下接种疫苗的效用成本大于基于区块链技术的疫苗销售模式时,无论是从安全角度还是从经济角度,引入基于区块链的疫苗溯源防伪平台对疫苗供应链有利。这不仅帮助消费者有效规避接种问题疫苗,而且能改善供应链的利润水平,提高总消费者剩余及增加社会福利。此外,疫苗生产商和接种单位各自向疫苗溯源防伪平台交付的固定费用的大小是决定它们是否愿意与疫苗溯源防伪平台合作的关键。
In recent years,increasingly more vaccine management and vaccination accidents have been exposed to the public;consequently,the issue of vaccines has become a topic of widespread concern and heated discussion.With the rapid development of blockchain technology and the continuous expansion of its application field,the call for“vaccines on the chain”is growing.Blockchain technology has become a new method by which to effectively solve various problems related to vaccine production and distribution.While the application of blockchain technology to the vaccine supply chain has previously been studied,most related literature has focused on the theoretical significance of blockchain technology in the vaccine supply chain and the construction of a vaccine supply chain system based on blockchain technology.In contrast,determining how to price vaccines,how to change the profits of supply chain members,and how supply chain profits,as well as the consumer surplus and social welfare,are affected after the introduction of blockchain technology have not been studied.Therefore,the present research investigates the pricing strategy of a vaccine supply chain based on blockchain technology.In the first and second parts of this work,according to the characteristics of the vaccine supply chain,two vaccine supply chain models,namely a traditional vaccine sales model and a vaccine sales model based on blockchain technology,are constructed from the perspective of consumer utility.The traditional vaccine sales model consists of a vaccine manufacturer and k vaccination units,while the vaccine sales model based on blockchain technology consists of a vaccine manufacturer,a vaccine traceability and anticounterfeiting platform based on blockchain technology and k vaccination units.The optimal pricing strategy of each model is analyzed and solved.It is found that the optimal vaccine sales price in the centralized decision-making situation is lower than that in the decentralized decision-making situation,while the overall profit,total cons
作者
谭春桥
刘瑞环
赵程伟
TAN Chunqiao;LIU Ruihuan;ZHAO Chengwei(School of Business,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Business,Nanjing Audit University,Nanjing 211815,China)
出处
《管理工程学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期205-220,共16页
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
基金
国家自然科学基金重大资助项目(71991463)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71971218)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021zzts0021)。
关键词
疫苗供应链
区块链
疫苗溯源防伪平台
消费者效用
Vaccine supply chain
Blockchain
Vaccine traceability and anti-counterfeiting platform
Consumer utility
