摘要
中国北方地区果树以苹果、梨、桃和葡萄等落叶果树为主,四大树种是我国果品的重要来源。果树种质资源是果树种业的“芯片”,是果业发展的物质保障。中国农业科学院果树研究所正式建立64年,但从事果树种质资源研究与新品种选育的历史已逾70年,是我国最早开展相关研究的科研单位,研究所建立了历史最为悠久、保存数量位居世界前列的“国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃”,并获得国家科技进步二等奖,先后育成100余个苹果、梨、桃和葡萄等鲜食新品种和矮化砧木,出版多部具有影响力的著作,为我国果业的快速发展提供了强有力的科技支撑,对我国苹果、梨、桃、葡萄等产业的可持续发展产生了深远的影响。文章回顾总结了该所果树种质资源广泛收集、妥善保存、深入研究、积极创新、共享利用和新品种选育等方面的主要成就,并从完善多种保存方式相结合的果树种质资源保护体系、国家和产业发展需求指引果树种质资源鉴定、挖掘“精细定位”和“准确评价”的果树种质资源、育种技术的革新催生新品种等4个方面,展望本所今后在果树种质资源的高水平保护和高质量利用方面的主要研究方向和内容,继续为果业强国建设和乡村振兴作出新的更大贡献。
Fruit trees in northern China are mainly deciduous fruit trees such as apple,pear,peach and grape,and the four ma‐jor tree species are the important sources of fruits in China.Fruit tree germplasm resources are the"chip"of fruit tree seed industry and the material guarantee for the development of fruit industry.The Research Institute of Po‐mology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was officially established 64 years ago,who is the first sci‐entific research institution to carry out relevant research in China,but research on fruit tree germplasm resources and new variety breeding of history has been engaged in for more than 70 years.It has established the National Re‐pository of Apple and Pear Germplasm Resources in Xingcheng,which has the longest history and ranks in the world in the number of apple and pear germplasm resources,and won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.It has bred more than 100 new varieties and dwarf rootstocks of apples,pears,grapes and peaches,and published many influential books.Our efforts and achievements have provided a strong scientific and technological support for the rapid development of China's fruit industry,and had a profound impact on the sustainable development of China's apple,pear,peach,grape and other industries.This article reviewed and sum‐marized the main achievements in extensive collection,proper preservation,in-depth research,active innovation,sharing and utilization and breeding of new varieties and so on.And finally from the following four aspects:im‐proving the protection system of fruit tree germplasm resources combined with multiple conservation methods,identifying of fruit tree germplasm resources under the guidance of national and industrial development needs,mining fruit tree germplasm resources with refined evaluation and accurate positioning,and promoting new variet‐ies through innovation of breeding technologies,we look forward to the main research direction and content of our institute in the future i
作者
高源
王大江
孙思邈
王霖
王昆
曹玉芬
丛佩华
张彩霞
王海波
Gao Yuan;Wang Dajiang;Sun Simiao;Wang Lin;Wang Kun;Cao Yufen;Cong Peihua;Zhang Caixia;Wang Haibo(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Germ‐plasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)
出处
《农业大数据学报》
2022年第2期5-12,共8页
Journal of Agricultural Big Data
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001400)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2022-RIP)。
关键词
北方
果树
种质资源
新品种选育
northern China
fruit tree
germplasm
breeding of new variety
