摘要
石头是人类由蒙昧走向智慧的启蒙,彩石和矿物颜料开启了人类对美的认识和追求。人类在使用矿物岩石中相继出现的武器、农耕时代、陶器、金属冶炼、人类聚落和城邦,标志着人类智慧的爆发和文明根基的建立。遍布全球的规模性采掘和矿业活动为早期人类社会的发展奠定了工业和经济基础,给人类认识矿物岩石和探索地球的奥秘打开了大门。东西方先哲们最早观察和思索天地万物、物质组成和变化、探索石头和金属的形成,炼丹术和炼金术、早期博物学、早期医学对金属、矿物和岩石的进一步探索与实践,孕育了现代矿物学和地质学。中世纪矿业的繁荣带动了地质科学研究的复兴,矿床学和矿物学的确立、化石研究与地层层序的确立、岩石成因的水火之争、山脉成因的垂向升降和水平挤压之争导致了地质学的诞生和确立。
Stone is the enlightenment of mankind from obscurity to wisdom, colored stones and mineral pigments have opened up mankind’s awareness of beauty and pursuit. The successive emergence of weapons, the agricultural age, pottery, metal smelting, human settlements and city-states in the use of mineral rocks marked the explosion of human wisdom and the establishment of the roots of civilization. Extensive extractive and mining activities all over the world laid the industrial and economic foundation for the development of early human society and opened the door for mankind to understand minerals and rocks and explore the mysteries of the earth. The first eastern and western philosophers observed and contemplated everything in heaven and earth, the composition and changes of matter, explored the formation of stones and metals, and the further exploration and practice of metals, minerals and rocks in spagyrical and alchemy experiments, early natural history and early medicine studies bred the modern mineralogy and geology. The medieval mining boom led to a revival of geoscience research, and the establishment of ore deposits and mineralogy, fossil research and stratigraphic sequences, the Neptunits and Plutonists debate over the genesis of rocks, and the vertical uplift and horizontal compression of mountains genesis led to the birth and establishment of geology.
作者
张西平
ZHANG Xiping(China Copper Corporation Limited,Beijing 100082,China)
出处
《地质学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期3261-3282,共22页
Acta Geologica Sinica
关键词
石器石料
手工采掘
矿业活动
矿物岩石
矿物学
地质学
lithic stone
artisanal quarrying
mining activities
minerals and rocks
mineralogy
geology
