摘要
日益严重的土壤重金属污染已影响到了人类健康与环境安全,在土壤的修复治理中,经济实用、绿色生态的植物修复技术备受关注,而木本植物因其生物量大、生命周期长,在重金属污染土壤的生态修复中具有巨大的应用潜力,成为植物修复研究的热点之一。光合作用是生物圈能量之源,而光反应是光合作用的引擎,对重金属胁迫的反应十分敏感,然而,木本植物光反应过程对重金属胁迫响应的复杂性,使得人们对光反应过程在重金属胁迫下的响应机制还不清楚。因此,本文首先基于光合作用的视角分析总结了木本植物对重金属胁迫的耐受性,表明苦楝、秋华柳、银芽柳、女贞、桑树等是耐性强的树种,榉树、栾树、香樟、杨树、白桦、檫木等是耐性较强的树种;然后,探究了重金属对植物叶片光合色素、PSⅡ与PSⅠ反应中心活性及光合电子载体的影响,发现了重金属胁迫下光反应过程的位点损伤响应规律,主要是重金属离子取代了光合机构组成中的基本元素及重金属产生的活性氧干扰了光合电子传输机制;之后探讨了光反应过程下光系统中非光化学猝灭、环式电子流及水水循环等调节机制对光合机构的保护作用。最后,展望了重金属胁迫下植物光合作用未来研究方向:从细胞和分子水平上确定光合损伤的关键基因或位点;采用建模方式模拟胁迫下光合机构的运转机制。
The increasing heavy metal(HM)pollution has seriously affected the natural environment and human health.Phytoremediation technology has been widely considered as an efficient,economical and environmental-friendly approach to cleaning up the heavy metals in soils.Woody plants have great potential in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil due to their large biomass and long life cycle,so they have become one of the hotspots in the research of phytoremediation technology.Photosynthesis is a fundamental process for life on the earth,while the light reaction is the engine of photosynthesis,which is sensitive to HM stress.However,the light reaction of woody plants shows complex responses to heavy metal stress,which mechanism is still unclear.Accordingly,in this review,the tolerant woody plants based on the photosynthesis performances under heavy metal stresses were summarized.It indicated that Melia azedarach,Salix variegata,Salix leucopithecia,Ligustrum lucidum,Morus alba were tree species with quite strong tolerance,while Zelkova schneideriana,Koelreuteria paniculata,Cinnamomum camphora,Poplar,Betula platyphylla,Sassafras tzumu were tree species with strong tolerance.Then,the effects of HM on photosynthetic pigments,PS II and PS I reaction center and photosynthetic electron carriers in leaves were explored.Heavy metals cause damage to the light reaction site,the main reasons are that heavy metals can replace the essential elements in the photosynthetic apparatus and the photosynthetic electron transport is interfered by the reactive oxygen species produced by heavy metal stresses.After that,the protective effects of non-photochemical quenching,cyclic electron flow and water-water cycle on the photosynthetic apparatus were explored.Finally,the future research directions of plant photosynthesis under heavy metal stress were prospected.The key genes and loci involved in the response of the light reaction to heavy metal stresses need to be determined,and certain modelling approaches should be applied to simulat
作者
朱凡
雷佳奇
黄鑫浩
于志民
ZHU Fan;LEI Jiaqi;HUANG Xinhao;YU Zhimin(Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China)
出处
《中南林业科技大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期9-21,共13页
Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32072672)
2022年湖南农业大学研究生科研创新项目。
关键词
重金属
木本植物
胁迫
耐性
光反应
光保护
heavy metal
woody plant
stress
tolerance
light reaction
photoprotection
