摘要
非法占有目的由排除意思与利用意思两个侧面组成。排除意思是指排除权利人对财物的使用、以合法占有者的意思支配他人的财物。从本质上来说,排除意思就是试图造成可罚的妨害利用的意思,成为判断法益侵害之危险的基础素材,被视为主观违法要素。在控制使用盗窃的处罚范围上,排除意思作为主观违法要素发挥作用,是不可缺少的。在占有转移的时点,如果行为人的主观目的只是轻微地妨害权利人使用财物,那么行为人就没有排除意思,这种行为只是轻微的暂时使用,并不可罚,因此排除意思起到了限制入罪的机能。利用意思就是享受财物本身效用的意思,至于是按照经济用途利用还是按照本来用途利用,则无关紧要。在出于毁坏的意图而夺取他人财物的情形中,行为人不存在对财物予以利用的意思,不成立盗窃罪。转移占有时带有利用意思的,是出于更为强烈的动机而实施法益侵害行为,具有更重的责任。利用意思不仅是为取得罪奠定违法性的主观要素,还带有主观责任要素的性质。对于财产罪,我国刑法也未明文要求具备非法占有目的,评析日本刑法理论上的各种观点和审判实务的做法,对于我国的理论研究和审判实务来说有着较强的借鉴意义。
The purpose of illegal possession consists of two aspects:the intention of exclusion and the intention of utilization.The intention of exclusion means to exclude the right holder from the use of the property and to control the property of others with the will of the legal occupier.In essence,the intention of exclusion is the intention of trying to cause punishable obstruction of utilization,which becomes the basic material for judging the danger of infringement of legal interests,and is regarded as a subjective illegal element.In controlling the scope of punishment for theft by use,the intention of exclusion is indispensable to play a role as a subjective illegal element.At the point of possession transfer,if the actor’s subjective purpose is to slightly hinder the right holder’s use of the property,then the actor has no intention of exclusion.This behavior is only a minor temporary use and is not punishable.Therefore,the intention to exclude has the function of limiting the incrimination.The intention to use is to enjoy the utility of the property itself,and it does not matter whether it is used according to the economic purpose or according to the original purpose.In the case of taking other people’s property with the intention of destroying,the perpetrator does not have the intention to use the property,and the crime of theft is not established.If the transfer of possession is with the intention of use,then the act of infringing legal interests is carried out from a stronger motive and has a heavier responsibility.The intention to exploit is not only the subjective element to establish the illegality for the acquisition crime,but also has the nature of the element of subjective responsibility.For property crimes,our country’s criminal law does not expressly require the purpose of illegal possession.The analysis of various viewpoints in Japanese criminal law theories and the judgment of trial practices have strong reference significance for theoretical research and trial practice to our country.
出处
《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》
2022年第5期131-146,共16页
Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)
基金
北京航空航天大学2019年度人文社会科学拔尖人才支持计划项目“网络服务提供者刑事责任的类型化研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号:YWF-19-BJ-W-41。
关键词
非法占有目的
排除意思
利用意思
利用可能性
主观违法要素
illegal possession purpose
intention of exclusion
intention to use
possibility of use
subjective illegal element
