摘要
近年来,柔性帮扶环境执法是中国地方环境行政监管实践中呈现的执法新趋势。然而学界对这种环境执法在基层中是如何运作的还缺少深入研究。论文以我国华北地区A镇环境执法日常巡检安排为例,阐述地方政府和环保部门是如何开展柔性帮扶环境执法以应对基层复杂的环境工作形势。案例分析发现,在基层环境执法领域,刚性执法与柔性帮扶产生了特殊的深度性嵌合,帮扶与执法的目的紧密链接,意在追求环境违法问题的实质解决。具体实践中,A镇的柔性帮扶执法呈现出社区化的执法逻辑、“刚性缓冲”的柔性执法以及压力机制驱动的积极行政的微观运作形态。A镇的柔性帮扶执法受到上级环境督察、监督帮扶等机制的常态化压力传导,特定情形下与上级环境执法形成联动,并受上级环境行政机构的弹性调控。从结果来看,辖区企业从A镇帮扶执法过程中获得以信息服务为主的行政支持,柔性帮扶式的环境行政降低了中小规模为主的企业达成环境合规的成本与难度,且在一定程度上化解了传统威慑型环境行政在基层实践中的合法性危机,有助于区域经济社会的平稳运行。
In recent years,flexible and supportive environmental law enforcement is a new trend of local environmental administrative practice in China.However,there is still a lack of in-depth research on how this kind of environmental law enforcement operates in grass-roots practice.Taking the daily inspection arrangement of environmental law enforcement in A town in North China as an example,this paper illustrates how local governments and environmental protection departments carry out flexible and supportive law enforcement to deal with the complex work situation at the grass-roots level.The case study finds that in the field of grass-roots environmental law enforcement,rigid law enforcement and flexible assistance have produced a special deep chimera,and the purpose of compliance support and law enforcement is closely linked,with the intention of pursuing the substantive solution of environmental violations.In practice,the environmental administration of A town shows a community-based enforcement logic,a "rigid buffer" flexible enforcement,and a positive administrative micro-operation driven by pressure mechanisms..A Town’s flexible and supportive environmental law enforcement is conducted under the regular pressure of higher-level inspections and supervision-assistance mechanism.Under specific circumstances,it forms a linkage with higher-level environmental administration and is subject to the flexible adjustment.The enterprises in A Town’s jurisdiction obtain the administrative support,mainly information services,from the process of flexible and supportive environmental law enforcement.The type of environmental administration reduces the cost and operating difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises in achieving environmental compliance,and to a certain extent resolves the legitimacy crisis of traditional deterrence environmental administration in grass-roots practice,which is conducive to the smooth operation of regional economy and society.
作者
胡苑
黄冠宁
Hu Yuan;Huang Guanning(School of Law,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433)
出处
《中国行政管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第9期40-49,共10页
Chinese Public Administration
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“城市生活垃圾分类的法律规制研究”(编号:18BFX173)。
关键词
环境帮扶
基层执法
柔性执法
非强制行政
environmental compliance assistance
grassroots law enforcement
flexible law enforcement
non-compulsory administration
