摘要
创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI)是中青年患者意外死亡的主要原因,其中闭合性、弥漫性重型脑损伤称为弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury, DAI),约占TBI的1/3。DAI通常是由于头部遭受旋转外力损害时,因剪应力而造成的以颅中央区域脑内神经轴索肿胀、断裂为主要特征的损伤。由于DAI短期内临床表现不明显且发病迅速,常常给患者造成严重后果。文中就DAI的病因、影像学诊断方法、神经电生理学、生化标志物和临床治疗方法,包括轴索稳定药物治疗、微管稳定药物治疗、改善认知和运动缺陷药物治疗、促进神经再生治疗、镁制剂治疗、光生物调节治疗和其他辅助治疗的研究进展作一综述,为DAI的临床诊疗提供相关文献参考。
Traumatic brain injury(TBI) is one of the main causes of accidental death in young and middle-aged patients, among which closed, diffuse heavy brain injury is called diffuse axonal injury(DAI) and covers for about 1/3 of TBI. DAI usually results from the shear stress at rotational damage at head, which is mainly characterized by swelling and rupture of nerve axons in the central cranial region of the brain. Because of the short term clinical manifestations and rapid onset of DAI, it often has serious consequences for patients. Therefore, this article reviews the etiology, diagnostic imaging methods, neurophysiology, biochemical markers and clinical treatments of DAI, including axonal stabilisation drugs, microtubule stabilisation drugs, drugs to improve cognition and motor deficits, nerve regeneration therapy, magnesium therapy, photobiomodulation therapy and other adjuvant therapies, in order to provide relevant literature for the clinical management of DAI. This is a reference for the clinical management of DAI.
作者
张健
曲成斌
张永惠
洪杨
ZHANG Jian;QU Chengbin;ZHANG Yonghui;HONG Yang(Department of Neurosurgery,Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University,Fushun 113012,China;Department of Neurosurgery,Shengjing Hospital,China Medical University,Shenyang 110801,China)
出处
《邵阳学院学报（自然科学版）》
2022年第5期108-116,共9页
Journal of Shaoyang University：Natural Science Edition
基金
辽宁省自然科学基金(20180530024)。
关键词
弥漫性轴索损伤
标志物
诊断
治疗
diffuse axonal injury
markers
diagnosis
treatment
