摘要
BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR)is a unique tool for non-invasive tissue characterization,especially for identifying fibrosis.AIM To present the existing data regarding the association of electrocardiographic(ECG)markers with myocardial fibrosis identified by CMR-late gadolinium enhancement(LGE).METHODS A systematic search was performed for identifying the relevant studies in Medline and Cochrane databases through February 2021.In addition,we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)(https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com).RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included.In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM),fragmented QRS(fQRS)is related to the presence and extent of myocardial fibrosis.fQRS and abnormal Q waves are associated with LGE in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients,while fQRS has also been related to fibrosis in myocarditis.Selvester score,abnormal Q waves,and notched QRS have also been associated with LGE.Repolarization abnormalities as reflected by increased Tp-Te,negative Twaves,and higher QT dispersion are related to myocardial fibrosis in HCM patients.In patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy,a significant correlation between fQRS and the amount of myocardial fibrosis as assessed by LGE-CMR was observed.In atrial fibrillation patients,advanced inter-atrial block is defined as P-wave duration≥120 ms,and biphasic morphology in inferior leads is related to left atrial fibrosis.CONCLUSION Myocardial fibrosis,a reliable marker of prognosis in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases,can be easily understood with an easily applicable ECG.However,more data is needed on a specific disease basis to study the association of ECG markers and myocardial fibrosis as depicted by CMR.
