摘要
尾矿是产生量和贮存量最大的工业固体废物,环境风险突出,已成为当前固体废物管理领域不可忽视的治理短板。尾矿中存在的有毒有害物质会对地表水、地下水、土壤、大气造成不同程度的影响。为了防范尾矿污染,消除污染隐患,减少尾矿污染环境的事故发生,进一步提升我国尾矿污染环境防治能力,本文通过梳理我国尾矿及尾矿库基本情况、尾矿管理制度等政策文件,归纳阐释尾矿对环境的影响途径、我国尾矿库污染防治工程措施现状等,分析国内由尾矿库安全事故引发的环境问题,针对尾矿污染防治在政策法规不健全、环境监管能力薄弱、尾矿库污染防治工程措施等方面存在的问题,提出从完善环境管理政策体系、防范尾矿环境风险、提升应急事件处理能力、提升尾矿综合利用率等四个方面加强尾矿污染防治,以期为“十四五”固体废物环境管理奠定基础,为实现美丽中国建设远景目标贡献力量。
Tailings are the industrial solid wastes with the largest amount of production and storage.The environmental risks caused by tailings are prominent and have become a shortcoming that cannot be ignored in solid waste management.Toxic and harmful substances in tailings will have varying degrees of impact on surface water, groundwater, soil, and atmosphere.In order to prevent tailings pollution, to eliminate potential pollution, to reduce the accidents of tailings polluting the environment, and further to improve the prevention and to control ability of tailings polluting the environment in China, the basic information of tailings and policies of tailings management system are summarized, the impact ways of tailings on the environment and the current situation of pollution control measures of tailings in China are summarized and explained.The environmental problems caused by safety accidents of tailings pond in China are analyzed.In view of the problems in the pollution prevention of tailings in terms of imperfect policies and regulations, weak environmental supervision ability and engineering measures for the pollution prevention of tailings, it is proposed to improve the environmental management policy system, to prevent environmental risks of tailings, to improve the handling capacity of environmental emergencies and to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of tailings, so as to strengthen the prevention and control of tailings pollution, to lay a foundation for the environmental management of solid waste in the 14 th five year plan, and to contribute to the realization of the long-term goal of building a beautiful China.
作者
田祎
赵虎
王硕
徐克
林星杰
叶旌
TIAN Yi;ZHAO Hu;WANG Shuo;XU Ke;LIN Xingjie;YE Jing(Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100029,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
2022年第10期57-61,81,共6页
China Mining Magazine
基金
生态环境部固体废物与危险废物环境管理项目资助(编号:2110304)。
关键词
尾矿
尾矿库
环境风险
污染防治
tailings
tailings pond
environmental risk
pollution prevention
