摘要
半个多世纪以来,“认知科学”依然是一个多学科汇集而成的研究领域,并没有可担当共同科学话语体系的“研究范式”。21世纪,在“复杂科学”的时代精神下,“动力学”的发展引领了认知科学的“范式转移”,“预测认知模型”集心理学、物理学和认知神经科学等众学科之力,有望夺得“认知科学大一统范式”的桂冠。但是,预测认知模型诞生于神经科学,能否成功嫁接于认知科学还存在争议。因此,本文的问题意识就是:预测认知模型如何能成为认知科学的新统一范式?文章首先以认知科学的理论演变“认知主义”“联结主义”和“具身认知”与预测认知模型的结合为主线,梳理出三种预测认知模型,发现三者皆因表征问题而未能突破“信息加工范式”;其次,又以“表征之战”“生成认知”和“意义建构”为脉络,论证出传统预测认知模型均站在表征主义立场上,实际上并未解决表征之战,而崇尚“以意义建构取代表征”的生成认知似乎能够与预测认知模型完美契合而应对挑战;最后,在生成认知强调“意义建构”的启发下,我们提出了意义建构的三个视角,并且尝试建立了“生成认知的预测心智模型”,澄清了意义建构的动力学机制。虽然,预测认知模型被质疑是否“可证伪”,但是,与“达尔文演化论”异曲同工,预测认知模型的确担当了认知科学的“最佳解释推理”。有鉴于此,文章结论认为,预测认知模型与生成认知的结合将推动认知科学的彻底“动力学化”,从而有望成为认知科学新统一范式。
For more than half a century,cognitive science has remained a research field consisting of multiple disciplines,and there is no research paradigm serving as a common scientific discourse system in this filed.In the 21st century,under the new zeitgeist of“complex science”,the development of“dynamics”leads to a“paradigm shift”in cognitive science,in which the“predictive cognition model”(PCM)integrates the forces from psychology,physics and neuroscience,and is expected to win the title of“the unified paradigm of cognitive science”.However,the PCM was born in neuroscience,and whether it can successfully be grafted into cognitive science is still under controversy.The question of concern is whether the PCM can be a new unified paradigm of cognitive science.In this article,we try to answer this question from the following three aspects.Firstly,taking the combination of the theoretical evolution of cognitive science,Cognitivism,Connectionism and Embodied cognition,and the PCM as the main line,we sort out three traditional PCMs from the theoretical perspective,which are all found to be unable to break the“information processing paradigm”because of the representation problem.Secondly,by focusing on the skeleton of“representation wars”,“enactive cognition”and“sense-making”,we find that the traditional PCMs all stand on the standpoint of“representationism”,and it have not solved the problem of“representation wars”,while the“enactive cognition”that advocates“sense-making replaces representationism”seems to be able to well fit the PCM and cope with the challenge.Finally,inspired by the emphasis on“sense-making”of enactive cognition,we further establish the PCM of enactive cognition by proposing the three perspectives of sense-making and clarifying the dynamic mechanism.Although the question of whether the PCM can be falsified remains unanswered,comparing the PCM with the“Darwinian evolution theory”reveals that there they have something in common:the PCM does indeed s
作者
叶浩生
苏佳佳
YE Haosheng;SU Jiajia(College of Teacher Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004)
出处
《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期65-78,共14页
Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“身体运动与心理发展研究”(20FTYA002)的阶段性成果。
关键词
预测认知模型
表征之战
生成认知
意义建构
新范式
predictive cognition model
representation wars
enactive cognition
sense-making
new paradigm
