摘要
自然保护检察院是俄联邦检察机关体系重要的专门组成部分,其设立不仅标志着俄罗斯生态法治专门化检察监督的特色道路之肇启,同时开启了全球生态治理检察制度革新之先河。20世纪60年代,在全球生态危机的背景下,生态状况恶化对人类未来构成了严重威胁。80年代末,随着工业化的迅速发展,苏联的生态状况急剧恶化。基于此,苏联陆续在生态状况面临严重威胁的地区设立自然保护检察院,对自然资源利用和保护、生态环境状况及侵犯公民生态权的生态违法和犯罪行为实施检察监督,并赋予检察机关对上述领域的监督检察权。自然保护检察院经历了从苏联到俄罗斯联邦两个维度的赓续发展,其在生态保护领域的职能活动受到俄联邦宪法和一系列规范性法律文件的保障。当下,依据管辖范围的大小,俄联邦将自然资源检察机关分为州(联邦主体)级和区(市)级两级自然保护检察院,并严格确立了二者内外部职权范围。
The Procuratorate of Nature Conservation is an important and specialized part of the procuratorial system of the Russian Federation.Its establishment not only marks the beginning of the specialization of procuratorial supervision in ecological protection,but also sets a precedent for the reform of procuratorial system in global ecological governance.In the 1960s,with the context of global ecological crisis,the deterioration of ecological conditions has started to pose a serious threat to the future of mankind.In the late 1980s,with the rapid development of industrialization,the ecological situation of the Soviet Union deteriorated sharply.Based on this,the Soviet Union has successively established procuratorates of natural conservation in areas where the ecological situation was facing serious threats,to carry out procuratorial supervision over the utilization and protection of natural resources,the state of the ecological environment,and ecological illegal and criminal acts that violate citizens'ecological rights,and empowered the procuratorial organs supervision and prosecution power to supervise the above-mentioned areas.The Procuratorate of Natural Conservation has experienced the periods of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation and its functional activities in the field of ecological protection are guaranteed by the constitution and a series of normative legal documents.At present,according to the scope of jurisdiction,the Russian Federation divides the procuratorate of natural resources into the state(federal subject)level and the district(city)level and clearly delineates terms of reference of the two organs the internal and external powers of the two organs.
作者
刘洪岩
叶楠
Liu Hongyan;Ye Nan
出处
《俄罗斯学刊》
2022年第5期5-23,共19页
Academic Journal of Russian Studies
基金
2021—2023年度中国社会科学院与俄罗斯基础研究基金会联合资助项目“中俄数字经济的法律规制:现状、挑战与前瞻”阶段性成果。
关键词
俄罗斯
自然保护检察院
生态保护
检察监督
职权划分
Russia
procuratorate of natural conservation
ecological protection
procuratorial supervision
division of power
