摘要
生态宜居是乡村振兴的五项总体要求之一,为此专门对民居宜居性相关问题进行研讨。对其评价标准提出了“民居宜居性层级评价参考图”,并对当前我国农村传统民居及新民居的宜居性分别作了分析与评价。选择了笔者多年来三项有代表性的民居实践分析其宜居性的提升情况,并反思提出存在问题。着重对宜居性的目标设置与标准制定、贫困地区的宜居难点与特殊政策、“不可移动文物”民居修缮与宜居性的矛盾三方面的问题进行了探讨,尤其对“不可移动文物”的民居在法规、政策、修缮要求方面提出讨论与建议。
Livability is one of target requirements of rural revitalization and farmers’ desire for stability. The livability of residential village dwellings involves multiple issues, such as how protection and repair of traditional dwellings can meet livability requirements, how new rural dwellings achieve high-quality livability, and so on. Discussing these issues is not only beneficial to the development of effective rural revitalization policy systems,but also to the practical demands of rural dwelling construction.To this end, a "hierarchical reference chart for livability of rural dwellings" was proposed by choosing relevant studies concerning "hierarchical need theory", with five bottom-up levels represented by E(basic need), D(safety and applicability), C(environmental comfort), B(spiritual enjoying) and A(personal pursuit). Each level was subdivided into three, consisting of 3(low), 2(middle), and 1(high). These levels can effectively represent livability of dwellings. Using this scale, the livability of rural dwellings in China was analyzed(with particular attention to economically underdeveloped regions).Poor-type traditional dwellings were categorized as E1-D3, commontype were categorized as D2-C3, and rich-type were categorized as C2-C1. At present, most new dwellings in rural areas are built by the villagers themselves, and most can be categorized under the D2-C1 level.Three representative residential practices in minority residential areas were selected and their improvements in livability were analyzed. First, Xishuangbanna Dai New Folk Houses Experiment(1999) focused on the crisis of disappearing traditional features at that time. In this study, the renewal of Dai traditional bamboo buildings in modern folk houses was explored, and found they were improved from D1 level to C1 level. Second, the Protection and Renovation Practice of Hani Mushroom House in Yuanyang(2017-2019) explored the contradictions in the renovation of immovable cultural houses in the heritage area. Here, the mushroom house was renova
作者
朱良文
程海帆
ZHU Liangwen;CHENG Haifan
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期1-7,共7页
South Architecture
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1100705):村寨适应性空间优化与民居性能提升技术研发及应用示范
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51968029):时空连续统视野下滇藏茶马古道沿线传统聚落的活化谱系研究
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51808271):云南“直过民族走廊”传统聚落变迁研究。
关键词
乡村振兴
传统民居
新民居
宜居性
不可移动文物
rural revitalization
traditional dwellings
new dwellings
livability
immovable cultural relics
