摘要
宪法解释制度的深入开展,需要先系统考察、总结我国既有的宪法解释实践。如果以明确宪法条文含义或宪法依据、发挥的实际功能作为根本标准,文本统一、程序明确的宪法性文件可称为形式宪法解释,反之则为实质宪法解释。自现行宪法实施以来,全国人大常委会发布了关于民主选举、国家机构权力配置、分配国家立法权限等多方面的实质宪法解释。各类典型实质宪法解释为推动法治实践发挥了积极作用,但也有不涉及宪法权利条款、主动解释程序不明、对解释机关自我授权等问题。为了维护权力与权利统一体的内在平衡,宪法解释机关不得自我授权,不得实质变动其他国家机关的权力,解释宪法权利应切实维护党的领导与公共利益;同时,要从审议、表决程序上区分宪法解释和法律,主动宪法解释同样要积极回应权利保障的现实需求。
To carry out the system of constitutional interpretation deeply,we need to inspect previous practice of constitutional interpretation systematically and summarize it.If clarifying the meaning or foundation of constitution and practical function can be taken as the fundamental standard,those constitutional files with unified texts and explicit procedures can be called formal constitutional interpretation,while others can be called substantial constitutional interpretation.Substantial constitutional interpretations had positive effects on rule of law in practice,but they ignored constitutional rights,followed ambiguous procedures and existed self-enpowerment.To keep an internal balance of the unity of power and right,the National People's Congress Standing Committee shall not grant itself some power beyond constitution's authority,neither alter other state organs'power substantially.When it interprets constitutional rights,it shall maintain the leadership of Chinese Communist Party and public interest.Meanwhile,constitutional interpretation and law should be distinguished when it comes to procedures of deliberation and voting,positive constitutional interpretations should also protect constitutional rights.
出处
《湖湘法学评论》
2022年第3期53-67,共15页
HUXIANG LAW REVIEW
关键词
实质宪法解释
形式宪法解释
主动解释
被动解释
基本权利保障
substantial constitutional interpretation
formal constitutional interpretation
positive interpretation
passive constitutional interpretation
constitutional rights
