摘要
目的 了解德阳市儿童青少年视力情况及变化趋势,为近视防控工作提供技术参考依据。方法 2019—2021年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法,在德阳市幼儿园和中小学校抽取监测对象,检查其裸眼远视力及双眼屈光状态,使用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行K-W检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、趋势χ^(2)检验及χ^(2)检验。结果 2019—2021年共调查22 426人。男、女生平均视力在幼儿园大班到高三年级期间,分别从最好状态5.00(4.90,5.00)降低为4.40(4.10,4.80)、4.30(4.00,4.70),有随年级升高而下降的趋势(χ_(男趋势)~2=2 916.711,χ_(女趋势)~2=3 595.906,P均<0.05);在小学五年级到高三年级期间,同年级女生平均视力都明显低于男生(P均<0.05)。各学段视力重度低下者占该学段总人数的比例幼儿园(大班)为2.57%、小学为16.31%、初中为55.74%、高中为67.03%,有随学段升高而增加的趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=5069.559,P<0.001);女生视力重度低下率(37.78%)明显高于男生(32.62%,χ^(2)=65.311,P<0.001)。2019—2021年儿童青少年近视率分别为50.18%、53.31%和53.28%,3年间近视率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.363,P<0.01);各年度女生近视率均高于男生(P均<0.05)。结论 小学三年级是德阳市儿童青少年视力下降的“拐点”,女生视力问题比男生严重。建议将幼儿园及小学低年级学生作为近视防控干预的重要对象,加强对女生近视的防控干预工作。
Objective To understand the vision status and change trend of children and adolescents in Deyang City,and to provide technical reference for myopia prevention and control.Methods From2019 to 2021,the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the monitoring objects from kindergartens and primary and secondary schools in Deyang City,and their naked eye vision and binocular refraction were examined.The K-W test,Wilcoxon rank sum test,trend χ^(2)test and χ^(2)test were performed by SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Results A total of 22 426people were surveyed from 2019 to 2021.The average visual acuity of boys and girls decreased from 5.00(4.90,5.00) in the best state to 4.40(4.10,4.80) and 4.30(4.00,4.70) during the period from senior grade of kindergarten to the third grade of high school,respectively,with a downward trend with the increase of grade (χ_(male trend)~2=2 916.711,χ_(female trend)~2=3595.906,all P<0.05).From grade 5 of primary school to grade 3 of high school,the average vision of girls in the same grade was significantly lower than that of boys(all P<0.05).The proportion of persons with severe low vision in each school in the total number of the school was 2.57% in kindergartens(senior grade),16.31% in primary schools,55.74% in junior high schools and 67.03% in senior high schools,with an increasing trend with the increase of school segment (χ^(2)trend=5 069.559,P<0.001);The rate of severe low vision in girls(37.78%) was significantly higher than that in boys(32.62%,χ^(2)=65.311,P<0.001).The myopia rates of children and adolescents from 2019 to2021 were 50.18%,53.31% and 53.28%,respectively,and the difference in these 3 years was statistically significant (χ^(2)=20.363,P<0.01).The myopia rate of girls in each year was higher than that of boys(all P<0.05).Conclusions Grade 3 in primary school is the ’ turning point″ of visual acuity decline in children and adolescents in Deyang city.The visual acuity of girls is more serious than that of boys.It is suggested that
作者
张辉
董洪
苏继艳
郑玲
ZHANG Hui;DONG Hong;SU Ji-yan;ZHENG Ling(Deyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Deyang City 618000,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2022年第8期1088-1092,共5页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
关键词
儿童青少年
视力
防控
children and adolescents
vision
prevention and control
