摘要
【目的】明确化肥减施和土壤质地对烤烟产质量及氮磷钾肥料利用率的调控效应。【方法】以烤烟品种K326为材料,选择云南曲靖烟区3种质地(砂土、黏土、重壤土)土壤,采用大田试验,设置6个处理:常规施肥[T1(CK)]、减施化肥10%(T2)、减施化肥20%(T3)、有机肥替代10%化肥(T4)、有机肥替代20%化肥(T5)及不施肥(T6)。【结果】曲靖烟区砂土上,与T1(CK)相比,T2、T3可显著提高烟叶等级结构、产量、产值及氮磷钾养分利用率,增加中上部烟叶钾含量,降低总糖、还原糖,对烟叶总氮、烟碱、水溶性氯含量无显著影响,且中、上部烟叶化学成分更协调。黏土上,T2、T5烟株长势与T1(CK)相近,但T2和T5的烟叶上等烟比例、产量、产值及氮磷钾养分利用率较T1(CK)显著提高,中、上部烟叶化学成分协调性更好。重壤土上,与T1(CK)相比,T2、T3、T5对烟株生长无影响,但可提高烟叶上等烟比例、产量、产值、氮磷钾养分利用率及中上部烟叶总糖、还原糖含量,对烟叶总氮、烟碱、钾和水溶性氯含量无显著影响,T2、T3的烟叶化学成分更协调。在相同氮磷钾施肥量下,不同质地土壤上烟株对氮、磷的吸收利用率从高到低为砂土>重壤土>黏土,而钾素利用率为重壤土>黏土>砂土。【结论】在当前烟农氮磷钾用量基础上,砂壤土上直减化肥氮磷钾或有机肥替代化肥潜力为10%;黏壤上直减化肥氮磷钾或有机肥替代化肥潜力为10%~20%;重壤土上化肥氮磷钾直减潜力10%,有机肥替代化肥潜力为10%~20%。
【Objective】 This paper aimed to explore effects of reduced chemical fertilizer and soil texture on yield, quality and nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizer utilization rate of flue-cured tobacco. 【Method】 Using flue-cured tobacco variety K326 as material, a field experiment was established in sandy soil, clay soil and heavy loam in Qujing tobacco production site, and six fertilization treatments were set up, i.e., T1(CK)(conventional dosage of N, P, K), T2 and T3(deduced fertilizer N, P, K proportion by 10% and 20%, respectively), T4 and T5(organic fertilizer replacing 10% and 20% chemical fertilizer, respectively) and T6(no manure or fertilizer). 【Result】Compared with treatment T1(CK), treatments T2, T3 significantly improved grade, yield, economical output and N, P, K use efficiency of tobacco leaves in sandy soil. Meanwhile, treatments T2, T3 increased contents of potassium, decreased total sugar, reducing sugar. The contents of total nitrogen, nicotine and water-soluble chloride in the middle and upper parts of leaves were not significantly affected;and the chemical composition was more balanced under T2 and T3. Compared with treatment T1(CK), treatment T2 and T5 did not significantly improved growth of the tobacco plants in clay soil, but the proportion, yield, output and N, P, K use efficiency under T2 and T5 in tobacco leaves were significantly higher than that of T1(CK), and the chemical composition of middle and upper position leaves was more balanced. Compared with T1(CK), treatments T2, T3, T5 had no effect on tobacco plant growth in heavy loam, but improved the proportion of products, yield, output, N, P, K use efficiency of tobacco. Furthermore, the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar of middle and upper part leaves were increased under T2, T3 and T5. The total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium and water-soluble chloride were not affected by treatments. And treatments T2, T3 significantly improved the balance of chemical composition of tobacco leaves. Under the same N, P
作者
张晓伟
余小芬
张连巧
邱学礼
解燕
刘加红
王瑞宝
吴巨宇
刘瑞
蔡永占
陈建军
杨树明
ZHANG Xiao-wei;YU Xiao-fen;ZHANG Lian-qiao;QIU Xue-li;XIE Yan;LIU Jia-hong;WANG Rui-bao;WU Ju-yu;LIU Rui;CAI Yong-zhan;CHEN Jian-jun;YANG Shu-ming(Yunnan Tobacco Quality Inspection&Supervision Station,Kunming 650106,China;Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Kunming Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650051,China;Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655002,China;China Tobacco Jiangsu Industrial Co.Ltd.,Nanjing 210011,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第7期1649-1656,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2021530000241034)
曲靖烟叶生产主要面源污染防控技术集成研究与应用项目(2019530000241014)
国家自然科学地区基金(31660358)。
关键词
烤烟
氮磷钾减量
土壤质地
品质
养分吸收
Flue-cured tobacco
Nitrogen
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduction
Soil texture
Quality
Nutrient uptake
