摘要
现代性危机是韦伯在理性洞察资本主义过程中发现的重要难题,其实质是现代社会价值理性与工具理性分裂所形成的悖论难题。韦伯仅仅检视了启蒙主义的理性普遍性,却无法对资本同一性及其逻辑力量展开社会历史性批判,因而在解决现代性难题中带有浓郁的悲观气息。而马克思建立在实践基础上的历史观对解决现代性的二元悖论具有重要启示意义,形成了马克思历史观在解决现代性难题中的当代穿透力。马克思对启蒙理性的批判持乐观态度,试图从社会历史实践出发构筑现代人类社会的再启蒙梦想与自我批判意识。因此,激活历史唯物主义的当代效应,关键在于发挥其对现代社会的现实解释力和改造力,以革命的批判精神深刻洞察民众在现代生活境遇中的二元悖论。马克思实践观点的思维方式克服了西方世界对现代社会诊治的虚无主义窘境,也唤醒了现代人的再次启蒙。所以,面向现实生活世界的实践思维既是对韦伯难题的回应,也是历史唯物主义时代变革的一种理路。
The crisis of modernity constitutes an important problem found out by Weber in his probing into rational capitalism,and its essence is the paradox formed by the division of value rationality and instrumental rationality in modern society.However,Weber only examined the rational universality of enlightenment,but was unable to carry out social and historical criticism of capital identity and its logical force,so he had strong pessimism about solving the problem of modernity.Marx's practice-based view of history has important implications for solving the binary paradox of modernity,forming the contemporary penetration power of Marx's view of history in solving the problem of modernity.Marx was optimistic about the criticism of enlightenment rationality and tried to construct the re-enlightenment aspiration and self-criticism consciousness of modern human society from social and historical practice.Therefore,the key to activating the contemporary effect of historical materialism is to give full play to its realistic explanatory power and transformational power to modern society,and to gain deep insight into the binary paradox of people in modern life with revolutionary critical spirit.Marx's practical way of thinking overcomes the nihilism dilemma of the western world in the diagnosis and treatment of modern society and awakens the re-enlightenment of modern people.Therefore,oriented to the real-life practice,Marx's mode of practical thinking is not only a response to Weber's problem,but also a rational path of change in the era of historical materialism.
作者
刘举
李建玲
LIU Ju;LI Jianling
出处
《中国矿业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2022年第4期27-38,共12页
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“历史文化生产与大众美好精神生活建构研究”(项目编号:20BZX021)。
关键词
现代性
韦伯
马克思
历史唯物主义
实践思维
modernity dilemma
Weber
historical materialism
practical thinking
