摘要
开发地热资源,尤其是深部干热岩地热资源,是加快能源结构转型,顺利实现“双碳”目标的重要途径.增强地热系统经历了50余年的发展,在深部地热资源开采方面取得了丰富的研究成果和施工经验.回顾增强地热系统的发展历程,总结热储特征、储层改造以及示范项目的终止原因,分析商业化面临的挑战,探讨未来的探索方向和发展机遇,能够有效服务我国深部地热资源开发和示范项目的建设.在经历研究和开发阶段后,增强地热系统进入示范和商业化的飞速发展阶段,截至2021年末,世界累计的增强地热系统数量已达41个,累计发电装机量为37.41 MW;储层地质条件的复杂性和差异性以及现有改造技术对储层原位地质环境的依赖性,难以形成“可复制”的热储改造模式,由此导致的热储质量差等问题是制约增强地热系统发展的主要原因;建立典型的干热岩增强地热系统示范项目或探索基于采矿技术的增强地热系统,突破热储改造对原位地质条件的依赖性,形成“可复制”的深部地热资源开采体系,是增强地热系统未来的发展方向,也是实现深部地热资源大规模商业化的关键出路.
Exploiting geothermal resources,especially hot dry rock(HDR),is essential to reduce carbon emissions to build an acceptable energy structure.The enhanced geothermal system(EGS)for mining HDR has experienced more than 50 years since it was proposed in 1970,obtaining rich research results and construction experience.It is of great significance to review the EGS history,which includes discussing the project site selection and thermal storage stimulations,summarizing the reasons for the shutdown of demonstration projects,and indicating the key factors restricting EGS development.Based on this,the future development direction of EGS is clarified,which can help explore deep geothermal energy and construct associated demonstration projects in China.The overall development of EGS is divided into two stages,namely,the research and development stage before 2000(a total of 14 EGS projects)and the demonstration and quasi-commercialization stage since 2000 with a rapid development speed(a total of 27 EGS projects).By the end of 2021,the cumulative number of EGS worldwide has increased to 41.However,the cumulative installed capacity of power generation only reaches 37.41 MW.EGS is still on the learning curve,resulting in a long way to go to realize the large-scale commercialization of HDR geothermal energy.The factors restricting the commercialization of EGS are the lack of policy support and capital investment,the limitations of technical difficulty,and the unpredictability of the geological condition of the thermal reservoir,which weakens EGS development and even causes its suspension or termination.Because of the complex geological environment of thermal reservoirs,the fracture network and associated reservoir quality induced by hydraulic stimulations are uncontrollable,causing the fractured quality of the thermal reservoir to be lower than its critical value.It results in numerous adverse problems in most EGS projects,including insufficient thermal reservoir volume,an unstable fracture network,associated heat exchange area
作者
亢方超
唐春安
李迎春
李天娇
门金龙
KANG Fang-chao;TANG Chun-an;LI Ying-chun;LI Tian-jiao;MEN Jin-long(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology,Maoming 525000,China;Deep Underground Engineering Research Center,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
出处
《工程科学学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第10期1767-1777,共11页
Chinese Journal of Engineering
基金
中国工程院重点咨询项目(2019-XZ-16)
广东石油化工学院人才引进项目(XJ2022000801)。
关键词
深部地热能
增强地热系统
干热岩
热储改造
热矿共采
deep-geothermal energy
enhanced geothermal system
hot dry rock
thermal reservoir stimulation
co-mining of geothermal and mineral resources
