摘要
石化行业的成品油装载环节是有机污染物的重点排放源,包括挥发性有机物(VOCs)和甲烷等。对我国某石化企业的汽油、航煤和柴油三类成品油在装载过程中外排的尾气进行了监测,并采用·OH损失速率和最大增量反应活性法,重点分析了装载过程中VOCs和甲烷的排放特征、大气反应活性及环境影响,并提出相关控制措施。结果表明,成品油装载环节外排的VOCs以烷烃为主。每吨成品油在装载过程中排放的VOCs强度达到2.2~36.4 g,其中汽油排放强度最高。丁烷、戊烷和己烷等C_(4)~C_(6)烃是主要烷烃组分;丙酮是含量最高含氧物质;丁烯、异戊二烯和戊烯是最主要的烯烃组分。这类VOCs具有较高大气光化学反应活性和臭氧生成潜势(OFP),大气活性与二甲苯活性相当。VOCs的OFP(即每克VOCs可产生的O_(3)质量)达到1.4~2.7 g·g^(−1)。航煤装载环节外排VOCs的反应活性与臭氧潜势高于汽油和柴油。装载环节外排VOCs的反应活性及臭氧生成潜势主要源于烷烃和烯烃组分,异戊烷、C_(4)~C_(5)烯烃和甲苯等是需优先控制的高活性物质。本研究可为石化企业从源头开展VOCs等有机污染物的精准管控提供参考。
Petrochemical oil product loading process was key volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and methane emission source which vent valuable oil product into atmosphere and play vital roles in regional air pollution.The vents from loading process of petrol,jet-fuel,and diesel in a petrochemical facility were sampled and measured in this study.The ambient photochemical reactivity was developed based on the value of OH loss rate(LOH).By virtue of the maximum increment reactivity method,source influences in terms of ozone formation potential(OFP)were determined.The emission characteristics of VOCs were analyzed and control measures were developed.The results suggest that alkane was the largest fraction in VOCs of the oil product loading process.The VOCs emission strength of loading process ranges from 2.2 to 36.4 g per ton oil product loaded.The C_(4)~C_(6) alkane including butane,pentane and hexane were founded to be primary species.Acetone was the main oxygen-containing compound while butene,isoprene and pentene dominate in alkene compounds.The oil product loading process vented VOCs features in relative high photochemical reactivity and OFP,with atmospheric reactivity equivalent to that of xylene and OFP ranging from 1.4~2.7 g·g^(−1).The atmospheric reactivity and OFP of jet-fuel related VOCs was higher than that of petrol and diesel.The alkane and alkene were found to contribute mostly to VOCs related photochemical reactivity and OFP during the loading process.The isopentane,C_(4)~C_(5) alkene,and methyl-benzene were recommended to give preferred control priority.
作者
曹冬冬
李兴春
翁艺斌
薛明
王庆吉
徐文佳
CAO Dongdong;LI Xingchun;WENG Yibin;XUE Ming;WANG Qingji;XU Wenjia(CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environmental Technology,Beijing 102206;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control,Beijing 102206;Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190)
出处
《环境工程学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第8期2630-2639,共10页
Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering
基金
中国石油集团科技专项(2021DJ6603)。
关键词
成品油
装载过程
挥发性有机物
排放源
大气反应活性
oil product
loading process
volatile organic compounds
emission source
atmospheric reactivity
