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点胶-纸带式小粒径种子蔬菜精密播种机设计与试验 被引量:1

Design and experiment of the spotting glue-paper tape precision seeder for small seed vegetables
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摘要 针对目前蔬菜机械化播种精度低的问题,该研究设计了一种点胶-纸带式小粒径种子蔬菜精密播种机。通过对蠕动泵胶装置、棘轮点胶装置、排种装置的机构分析,确定了各机构的结构参数,并以导种管长度、导种管截面角度以及窝眼轮转速为试验因素,结合Box-Behnken试验方案进行导种管优化试验。结果表明,当导种管长度为56 mm,截面角度为35°、排种轮转速为30r/min时,纸带上有效区种子占比达57.23%。以泵胶装置辊子转角和预胶化淀粉与水混合物质量比为试验因素,对直径为1.5~2.0 mm的上海青605种子进行粘附试验。结果表明,当辊子转角为10°,预胶化淀粉与水混合物质量比为1:6时,单粒种子粘附率达97.4%。开展整机对不同品种小粒径蔬菜种子的适应性试验,结果表明,在0.5~1.5m/s作业速度下,上海青605和四季小白菜的播种单粒率均大于95%,株距变异系数均小于10%。与现有电控锥盘式蔬菜播种机相比,单粒率提高了3.53%,工作效率提高了50%,满足NY/T1143-2006规定的精密播种性能指标要求,该研究可为小粒径种子蔬菜精密播种机的结构设计和优化提供参考。 A high-precision mechanized seeding can greatly contribute to the vegetable production at present. In this study, a spotting glue-paper tape precision seeder was designed for the small seed vegetables, particularly combining the seed rope and printing seeding. Three components were also divided in the seeder, including the peristaltic pump glue, ratchet spotting glue,and seed metering device. Among them, the glue was a mixture of pregelatinized starch and water. Specifically, the glue volume and viscosity were the main factors affecting the number of adhered seeds. The glue point volume depended mainly on the rotation angle of the peristaltic pump during the movement. A pretest of seed adhesion was carried out to preliminarily determine the mass ratio of pregelatinized starch to water(less than 1:5), representing the glue viscosity. Furthermore, the frequency of pump and dispensing were analyzed to clarify the relationship between the peristaltic pump and ratchet speed,where the number of ratchet teeth was determined to be 4. As such, the matching was realized between the peristaltic pump and ratchet spotting glue. The ratchet profile was also designed, according to the spotting glue motion. A theoretical analysis was made on the movement of seeds in the seed guiding tube. It was found that the aggregation effect of seeds on the paper tape relied on the length and cross-sectional angle of the seed guiding tube, as well as the rotation speed of the socket wheel.The seed guiding tube was then optimized for the optimal structural parameters. A Box_Behnken test was also carried out,where the length and cross-sectional angle of the seed guiding tube, while the rotation speed of the socket wheel was taken as the test factors, whereas, the percentage of seeds in the effective area on the paper tape was taken as the test index. The results showed that the percentage of seeds in the effective area on the paper tape was 57.23%, when the length of the seed guiding tube was 56 mm, the section angle was 35°, and the rotation
作者 刘彩玲 李方林 姜萌 黄嵘彪 戴磊 郜占鹏 Liu Cailing;Li Fanglin;Jiang Meng;Huang Rongbiao;Dai Lei;Gao Zhanpeng(Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第13期20-29,共10页 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金 国家自然科学基金项目(52175261)。
关键词 蔬菜 播种机 精密播种 小粒径 点胶 纸带 vegetable seeder precision seeding small particle size glue spotting paper tape
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