摘要
【目的】探究山区中小河流防洪水库的水温对鱼类产卵和洄游的影响。【方法】以固军水库为对象,采用立面二维水动力水温模型对典型平水年、枯水年、丰水年(情景1、情景2、情景3)的库区水温分布与下泄水温进行了模拟,探讨了防洪水库对水温的改变及对国家水产种质资源保护区鱼类产卵、洄游等生命活动的影响。【结果】①固军水库在不同情景条件下,均表现为季节性分层水库,且不存在全年稳定的库底水温。②水库水温的重塑为国家种质资源保护区内的裂腹鱼洄游创造了更多适宜洄游的水温通道。③固军水库运行对下游水温存在明显影响,当单层取水时,情景1、情景2和情景3下的鲤鱼、鲫鱼的产卵开始时间分别由现状的4月中旬延迟至4月末,5月初以及4月下旬,影响程度从小到大:情景3<情景1<情景2。④固军水库采用前置挡墙取水后,春季低温水现象得到了有效缓解,平水年、丰水年条件下产卵期间的“低温水”现象几乎消失,而枯水年的低温水影响程度极其有限。【结论】中小河流防洪水库的低水位运行有利于库区鱼类洄游产卵,可采用前置挡墙缓解下泄低温水以保护鱼类产卵。
【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of water temperature in small and medium-sized river flood control reservoirs in mountainous areas.【Method】In this paper,the Gujun reservoir,which is in Jialing River Basin,was selected as the research target.A laterally-averaged water temperature model was developed to simulate the water temperature distribution in the reservoir and water temperature released from reservoir under different scenarios in typical normal,dry and wet years(namely,scenario 1,2 and 3,respectively).Then,the influence of the reservoir on water temperature,fish migration and spawning in National Aquatic Germplasm Reserves in China were discussed.【Result】The results showed that Gujun reservoir was a seasonal stratified reservoir under all scenarios,and the bottom water temperature was not stable during the whole year.The remolding of reservoir water temperature structures created more suitable water temperature channels for Schizothorax migration in the National Aquatic Germplasm Reserves.In addition,the operation of Gujun reservoir had a significant impact on the water temperature downstream.When reservoir operated without mitigating measures,the spawning start time of Cyprinuscarpioand Carassiusauratus under scenarios 1,scenarios 2 and scenarios 3 were delayed to the end of April,early May and the last ten days of April respectively,where the influence degree from small to large was scenario 3<scenario 1<scenario 2.Moreover,the phenomenon of low temperature water in spring had been effectively alleviated when the reservoir operated with stratified water intake measures at which the negative effects on spawning almost disappeared under scenarios 1 and 3,while the influence degree of low temperature water in scenarios 2 was extremely limited.【Conclusion】The low water level operation of flood control reservoirs in small and medium-sized rivers is conducive to the migration of fish in the reservoir area,meanwhile the front retaining wall can be used to alleviate th
作者
李健威
庄春义
张鹏
梁瑞峰
LI Jianwei;ZHUANG Chunyi;ZHANG Peng;LIANG Ruifeng(Sichuan Water Resources and Hydroelectric Investigation&Design Institute CO.,LTD,Chengdu 610072,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第9期131-139,146,共10页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401700)
国家自然科学基金项目(51379136)。
关键词
防洪水库
水温
国家种质资源保护区
分层取水
flood control reservoir
water temperature
national aquatic germplasm reserves
stratified water intake
