摘要
依托教育分流体系,将人口负担变为人力资本优势是世界各国构建“公平而有效率”教育机制的普遍举措。采用2018年国际学生评估项目(PISA)的数据,探究教育分流程度与学业成就及其不平等的关系。研究结果表明:在各国的比较分析中,中国教育体系的分流化程度偏高,技术选择与政策选择是形塑中国高分流水平的首要因素。教育分流程度正向预测了学业成就,倍增效益在综合制中高于分轨制,随学生学业水平的上升而先降后增。扩大教育分流程度有助于弥合学业成就不平等,削减效益在分轨制内高于综合制,随学生学业水平的升高呈U型分布。因此,要通过坚持以分轨制为主、兼容综合制之长、关注弱势群体在分流中的不利地位、合理布局教育资源等措施达到构建公平而有效率教育分流目的。
Relying on the education streaming system and turning the population burden into the advantage of human capital is a common measure for countries all over the world to build a“fair and efficient”education mechanism.Using the data support of the 2018 International Student Assessment Program(PISA),this paper explores the relationship between the degree of educational streaming and academic achievement as well as its inequality.The results show that in the comparative analysis of various countries,the degree of streaming of China’s education system is high,and technology screening and policy choice are the first factors shaping China’s high diversion level.The degree of educational streaming positively predicts academic achievement,and the improvement benefit is higher in the track system than in the comprehensive system,and shows a U-shaped distribution of first decreasing and then increasing with the rise of students’academic level.The degree of educational streaming magnifies the inequality of academic achievement,and the multiplier benefit is higher in the track system than in the comprehensive system,and increases with the increase of students’academic level.Origin choice,technology choice and policy choice have heterogeneity in the explanation of students’unequal academic achievement under different diversion systems and levels.Therefore,we should build a fair and efficient educational streaming system by adhering to the track separation system,compatible with the advantages of the comprehensive system,paying attention to the disadvantage of vulnerable groups in the streaming,and reasonably distributing educational resources.
作者
谢金辰
卢春天
Jinchen Xie;Chuntian Lu(Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049)
出处
《教育与经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期48-59,共12页
Education & Economy
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“全面两孩政策下的父母身份效应与支持政策研究”(项目编号:20CSH023)。
关键词
教育分流
学业成就
国际比较
educational streaming
academic achievement
international comparison
