摘要
冰雹灾害作为常见的一种短时、固态、强降水的自然气象灾害,严重制约农业发展和农民增收。为减轻雹灾对大豆生产的影响,针对2021年6月23日黑河市出现的一次短时强对流天气引起的冰雹灾害进行调查,记录了黑河地区不同大豆品种在V5~V6期遭受雹灾后的恢复情况,并分析雹灾对不同大豆品种的影响。结果表明,长时间、密集的冰雹会造成大豆上部茎秆折断和擦伤,但冰雹过后大豆表现出较强的恢复能力。在第10天可见腋芽处分化出分枝或叶片,大豆在腋芽处产生1~2个分枝,大豆的产量与其分枝率呈现正相关。不同大豆品种恢复能力与品种有关,本次调查中第四积温带品种中黄911、金源73和北豆47,第五积温带品种黑河71,第六积温带品种黑科68均表现出较高的恢复能力。通过调查发现,同积温带的品种在遭受雹灾后通过加强田间管理、增施叶面肥等方式,其灾后产量高于采用毁种的措施。因此,大豆在遭受雹灾后采用适当的技术措施可以替代毁种取得较好的产量,降低雹灾造成的损失。
Hail disaster is a kind of natural meteorological disaster with short-time,solid and heavy precipitation,which seriously restricts the development of agriculture and the increase of farmers′income.In order to reduce the impact of hail disaster on soybean production,this study recorded the recovery situation of different soybean varieties in Heihe Area after hail disaster in V5-V6 stage,aiming at a hail disaster caused by short-term severe convective weather in Heihe City on June 23,2021,and analyzed the impact of hail disaster on different soybean varieties.The results showed that the upper stem of soybean was broken and grazed by long and dense hail,but soybean showed strong resilience after hail.On the 10 th day,branches or leaves could be seen in the axillary bud,and soybean produced 1 or 2 branches in the axillary bud.The yield of soybean was positively correlated with its branching rate.The resilience of soybean was related to variety,in this survey,the fourth accumulated temperature zone varieties Zhonghuang 911,Jinyuan 73 and Beidou 47,the fifth accumulated temperature zone variety Heihe 71 and the sixth accumulated temperature zone variety Heike 68 showed high resilience.According to the investigation,the yield of varieties in the same accumulation zone after hail disaster by strengthening field management and increasing foliar fertilizer was higher than that by the measures of seed destruction.Therefore,the adoption of appropriate technical measures after hail disaster can replace the destruction of soybean seed to achieve better yield and reduce the loss caused by hail disaster.
作者
张武
张凤琴
鹿文成
李宝华
吴俊彦
项鹏
李艳杰
杨树
ZHANG Wu;ZHANG Feng-qing;LU Weng-cheng;LI Bao-hua;WU Jun-yan;XIANG Peng;LI Yan-jie;YANG Shu(Heihe Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heihe 164300,China;Heihe Aihui District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Heihe 164300,China)
出处
《黑龙江农业科学》
2022年第9期20-24,共5页
Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
黑龙江省揭榜挂帅项目-第五积温带大豆极早熟高产品种重茬障碍消减增产技术研究与示范(2021ZXJ05B011)
黑龙江省农业科学院“农业创新跨越工程”专项-农作物有害生物5G预警及统防统治(HNK2019CX14)
国家现代产业技术体系东北特早熟春大豆育种岗(CARS-04-PS03)。
关键词
大豆
冰雹
减灾措施
产量
soybean
hail
mitigation measure
yield
