摘要
种间相互作用是维持生物多样性的重要驱动因子.但长久以来以传统竞争排斥假说为代表的两两直接作用无法解释众多近缘种的互利共生现象,原因是忽略了间接互惠的重要性,且这种间接作用面临在个体水平如何量化的难题.非传递性竞争是一种密度介导的间接作用,表现在同一营养级的3个物种及以上形成类似于“剪刀-石头-布”的相互制衡与共存的竞争模式.非传递性竞争普遍存在于自然中,是促进物种共存的重要因子,影响着物种分布格局、群落结构特征和生态系统功能.本文总结了近20年来非传递性竞争理论的研究进展,包括5种作用类型(资源利用型、生活史型、行为权衡型、竞争权衡型和化感作用型)、3种模型测定方法(竞争矩阵、转移矩阵和入侵增长率),并阐释了其动态平衡、奇数稳定和嵌套性的发生特征.同时分析了物种竞争等级、功能性状和环境因素差异对非传递性竞争的影响.最后,本文提出未来非传递性竞争的研究应集中在野外长期控制实验、与生物间高阶相互作用和复杂网络理论的耦合,以及对生态系统功能的作用等方面,以此推动物种间接互作理论与多物种共存策略的研究.
Maintaining biodiversity requires direct and indirect interspecific interactions.The study of direct interactions,including competition,predation,mutualism,commensalism,and parasitism,has greatly promoted the development of species coexistence theory.However,as a simplified method to explain community assembly,direct interactions alone cannot adequately explain the coexistence of related species in the absence of indirect interactions.Indirect interactions can be defined as the impact of one species on another that is mediated or transmitted by a third,and they are considered to be a more complex and less understood type of interspecific interaction.During the past two decades,scientists have gradually realized that a type of density-mediated indirect interaction,known as intransitive competition,is ubiquitous in nature.Intransitive competition can be described as a game of“rockpaper-scissors”in which three species A,B and C have competitive ranks A>B>C>A.In this competitive mode,competitive exclusion between relative species is counteracted by mutual restrictiveness,and there are no“invincible”species in the community.Therefore,intransitive competition is an important factor in promoting species coexistence,which affects species distribution patterns,community structure and ecosystem functions.To summarize the theory of intransitive competition,this paper discusses the definition,characteristics,and detection methods of intransitive competition and the main factors affecting intransitive competition as well.There are five formation modes of intransitive competition.Resource utilization mode occurs when species have different competitive abilities for resources.Life history mode arises if species cannot maintain an absolute competitive advantage throughout their life stages.Behavioral trade-off mode follows when species have different ways of acquiring resources.Competition trade-off mode and allelopathy mode require species to develop both aggressive and defensive survival strategies.Our paper also explo
作者
吴家昊
张强
Jiahao Wu;Qiang Zhang(South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization,Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510260,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第23期2749-2761,共13页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家自然科学基金(31670445)
广东省省级科技计划(2018B030324001,2019A1515011003,2019B121202006,2022A1515012046)
广东省科学院发展专项资金(2020GDASYL-20200103095,2020GDASYL-20200103098)资助。
关键词
非传递性竞争
间接相互作用
物种共存
竞争矩阵
功能性状
intransitive competition
indirect interactions
species coexistence
competition matrix
functional traits
