摘要
鸦片战争以降,外患时常自海上来,海权问题被突兀地抛在国人面前。相较晚清时期的被动和北洋时期的忽视,南京国民政府时期中国社会的海权认知在三个维度有所突破,以“吻合新趋势”:一是就海防而言,以“假想敌”为参照,提出岛链建言,主张构筑多重海防线,变近海“守势防御”为远海“攻势防御”,确保海洋安全;二是就海权力量而言,超越单一军事维度,将海洋经济与国家发展相勾连,主张大力利用海洋资源、提振海运能力与海洋贸易,既繁荣民族经济,又助益海防;三是就国际局势而言,宏阔审视太平洋争锋形势与中国战略地位,主张中国既然是太平洋国家,当以太平洋安危为己任,积极谋求太平洋问题的话语权与世界和平。与此同时,国人维护海权的根本宗旨未有变化,赓续了以往自卫防御的和平主义诉求。这种民族危机语境下海权观念的变与不变,既表现出接纳新知的开明,又延续了追求和平的善意,两者皆呈现出同样的光辉,亦难脱时代和历史的局限。
The foreign aggression of China has frequently derived from the seas since the Opium War.As a result,the issue of maritime rights suddenly has emerged among the Chinese people.Compared with the passivity in Late Qing Dynasty and ignorance in the Beiyang Government Period,the cognition of maritime rights of the Chinese society in the Nanjing National Government Period had a breakthrough in three dimensions.Firstly,coast defense should be based on the imaginary enemy as a reference to guarantee the marine safety,constructing island chains and substituting defensive defense to aggressive defense.Secondly,the maritime rights transcended a single military dimension,linking the marine economy with national forces.People advocated vigorously digging marine resources,improving shipping capacity and marine trade because it would not only prosper the national economy but also help coast defense.Thirdly,as far as the international situation is concerned,China takes a broad view of the competition in the Pacific and China’s strategic position,and maintains that as a Pacific country,China should take the security of the Pacific as its own responsibility and actively seek a say in Pacific issues and world peace.At the same time,the fundamental purpose of the Chinese people’s maritime rights has not changed,and they continue to pursue their pacifist pursuit of self-defense.The change and invariance of the concept of maritime rights in the context of national crisis not only shows the openness of accepting new knowledge,but also continues the goodwill of pursuing peace,both of which show the same glory,and the limitation of The times and history.
出处
《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第5期58-67,I0002,F0003,共12页
Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)
