摘要
【目的】由单片病叶发展成大小不等的发病中心是植物气传病害流行的重要阶段。条形柄锈菌小麦专化型Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici引起的小麦条锈病是世界范围内最重要的气传性病害之一。探究小麦条锈菌夏孢子在作物冠层内传播受到的影响因素,对了解气传性病害的流行具有重要意义。【方法】病原菌孢子在冠层内扩散会受到自身重力、风和寄主阻挡的影响。以小麦条锈菌为例,通过模拟自然沉降测定了病原菌孢子的重力沉降速度;比较了不同密度和角度阻挡物拦截的孢子数量差异;比较了麦田不同高度和不同种植密度下冠层风速的差异;在田间,模拟单片病叶向周边传播孢子的过程,分析了不同高度和水平距离下收集孢子数的差异。【结果】单个小麦条锈菌夏孢子的沉降速度范围为(1.491±0.055)cm/s;风速在小麦田随冠层高度的增加而增加,冠层上空风速显著高于冠层内风速,风速随小麦种植密度的增加而显著减少;阻挡物密度和角度与收集孢子数呈显著正相关;在小麦冠层中孢子扩散距离与孢子捕捉量呈极显著负相关。【结论】病原菌孢子重力沉降速度较慢,重力沉降对孢子在冠层内的水平传播距离影响较小。寄主叶片形态和种植密度可以调控孢子叶面定殖和孢子的扩散。研究结论有助于深入理解小麦条锈病的流行扩散模型和为探索植株形态避病机制提供理论依据。
[Objective]An important epidemic stage of plant airborne diseases is from a single ill leaf to disease centers of different sizes.Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most serious airborne diseases of wheat in the world.Exploring the factors influencing urediniospores dissemination of wheat stripe rust in crop canopy is essential to understand the prevalence of airborne diseases.[Method]The diffusion of pathogen spores in crop canopy is affected by its own gravity,wind,and host obstruction.Taking wheat stripe rust as an example,the gravity sedimentation rate of wheat stripe rust spores was measured by simulating natural sedimentation;differences in the number of urediniospores with different densities and angles were compared;the differences of canopy wind speed under different heights and planting densities were compared;in the field,the spreading process of urediniospores from a single diseased leaf to surroundings was simulated,and the different numbers of urediniospores collected at different heights and horizontal distances were analyzed.[Result]The settling velocity of a single urediniospores was(1.491±0.055)cm/s;Wind speed increased with increasing canopy height in wheat fields,and it decreased significantly with the growing density of the wheat;The wind speed over the canopy was significantly higher than that within the canopy;The density and angle of barrier material was positively correlated with the number of collected urediniospores.In the wheat canopy,the distance of urediniospores dispersal was negatively correlated with the number of urediniospores captured.[Conclusion]The gravity sedimentation rate of pathogen spores was slow and it had little effect on the horizontal diffusion distance of spores in the canopy.The results showed that the leaf morphology and plant density of the host could regulate the colonization and dispersal of spores.This study provided a theoretical reference for understanding the epidemic diffusion model of wheat stripe rust and expl
作者
王福楷
张洪
高志贤
KALHORO Muhammad Talib
贺新生
康晓慧
WANG Fukai;ZHANG Hong;GAO Zhixian;KALHORO Muhammad Talib;HE Xinsheng;KANG Xiaohui(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621010,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期882-890,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31601582)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200500)。
关键词
小麦条锈菌
孢子传播
冠层
重力沉降
Puccinia striiformisf.sp.tritici
spore dispersal
canopy
gravity deposition
