摘要
我国小升初采取的政策主要为“就近入学”与“多校划片”,两种政策有何实施效果?分别存在何种问题,如何解决这些问题?构建以各居住小区教育质量方差最小化为目标的函数模型,假定“就近入学”和“多校划片”两种政策情景,考虑最大上学距离约束以及学校规模约束条件,结合ArcGIS网络分析技术,提出优化方案。结果表明:“就近入学”政策下,教育质量期望值方差达到11.97,主要表现为邻近居住区的教育质量差异较大;而“多校划片”可以大幅降低方差值至0.87,但是小区教育质量平均得分较低,呈现圈层结构,体现整体分布的不均衡性。在以实现均衡发展为目标的“多校划片”政策基础上提出建议:放松最大上学距离、提高教育设施点质量水平和增设知名学校或建立分校优化方案。考虑成本及其他因素,不改变学生最大上学距离,提高部分教育设施的质量水平,既能降低教育质量期望方差至0.73,又可以提高小区的教育质量平均得分,在合理的损益空间内,是推荐的决策方案。
Our country’s compulsory education adopts the policy of “enrollment in a nearby school” and “allocating multi-schools to one district”.What is the effect of the two different policies? What are the problems and how to solve these problems? In this study,we construct a functional model with the objective of minimizing the variance of educational quality in each residential district.Assuming two policy scenarios,that are “enrollment in a nearby school” and “allocating multi-schools to one district”.Considering maximum school distance and school size constraints,the optimization scheme is put forward combined with ArcGIS network analysis.The results show that under the “enrollment in a nearby school” policy,the variance of educational quality expectations is 11.97,and the educational quality has great difference in adjacent residential areas;However,under the “allocating multi-schools to one district” policy,the variance can significantly reduce to 0.87,but the average score of education quality is only 2.38.It shows the structure of the circle layer and the imbalance of the whole distribution;On the basis of the “allocating multi-schools to one district” policy aiming at achieving the goal of balanced development,this paper proposed three optimization solutions including relaxing the maximum school distance,improving the quality of educational facilities,and adding famous schools or setting up branch schools.Improving the quality of some educational facilities not only reduced the expected variance of education quality to 0.73 but also increased the average education quality score of residential communities without changing the maximum distance from school.In a reasonable profit and loss ratio space,this optimization solution is recommended as the final decision scheme considering costs and other factors.
作者
盛艳玲
马瑞苗
乔纪纲
SHENG Yan-ling;MA Rui-miao;QIAO Ji-gang(School of Culture Tourism and Geography,Guangdong University of Finance&Economics,Guangzhou 510320,China;Guangdong Urban&Rural Planning and Design Institute CO.,LTD.,Guangzhou 510290,China)
出处
《教育学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期98-113,共16页
Journal of Educational Studies
基金
广东省教育厅特色创新社科项目(项目编号:2019WTSCX032)
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(项目编号:2020A1515011235)研究成果。
关键词
就近入学
多校划片
教育质量
上学距离
优化
enrollment in a nearby school
allocating multi-schools to one district
educational quality
school distance
optimization
